and now for the last time this week we've got our science correspondent derek williams answering your questions and this week you wanted to know about t. cell immunity. what is currently known about teeth phelim unity the immune system is quite complex when the body is infected with a virus it mounts an immune response in it what are called antigen presenting cells in just proteins from the virus and display them on their surface this activates t. helper cells which initiate a host of immune functions one is to help activate what are known as site a toxic or killer t. cells to destroy cells in the body that are already infected and they also stimulate so-called b. cells to produce antibodies that bind to the virus the antibodies prevent the virus from infecting other cells and tag it for elimination and antibody levels are what we focus on but we think about how long immunity lasts but but what are called memory t. and b. cells also play big roles and immune systems long term remembrance of specific pathogens and quick response if you're infected again research into and debate on t. c

and now for the last time this week we've got our science correspondent derek williams on storing your questions and this week you want to know about t. cell immunity. can inhaled steroids help in the treatment of covert 19 for example for people who also have as not. currently the only steroids being used to treat coke at 1000 patients as one called meth as one though it isn't inhaled and it's only used to treat people who are in very bad shape and need respiratory support i think that what you're referring to is a group of other compounds that made headlines last week called interferon and so now they're signaling proteins that play a key role in steering the body's immune response by acting as a kind of frontline defender one thing they do is warn an infected cells that an invader is around so those cells have time to shore up their defenses source code to appears to be able to block the interferon perspire bonds kind of allowing it to to sort of rampage unchecked so the idea is that by administering interferon based drugs through an inhaler at just the right moment you can cause th

and now for the last time this week we've got our science correspondent derek williams answering your questions and this week he wanted to know about t. cell immunity. what is currently known about t. cell immunity the immune system is quite complex when the body is infected with a virus that mounts an immune response in it what are called antigen presenting cells in just proteins from the virus and display them on their surface this activates t. helper cells which initiate a host of immune functions one is to help activate what are known as site a toxic or killer t. cells to destroy cells in the body that are already infected and they also stimulate so-called b. cells to produce antibodies that bind to the virus the antibodies prevent a virus from infecting other cells and tag it for elimination and antibody levels are what we focus on but we think about how long immunity lasts but but what are called memory t. and b. cells also play big roles and immune systems long term remembrance of specific pathogens and quick response if you're infected again research into and debate on t. cell

as a science correspondent derek williams now they've certainly proven that with during the coronavirus pandemic but many health care workers remain some of the least well paid in their societies resistance to that fact is growing not least in spain around $10000.00 nurses station demonstration on monday against the levels of pay and temporary contracts and they made that point with a moving rendition of the eighty's pop song. which translates as i will resist enjoy the music this has been the cover 1000 acts for joining us. in a globalized world. where everything is connected. all it takes is a school. to set things in motion the. local hero show called their ideas can change the world. 3000. next on d w 2. sanders spreading ever 5 across morocco. away seeds in the sahara used to sustain prosperity even in the deserts. climate change is hastening this terrifying transformation. of people here are desperate to find a solution on the rochas endangered oases close up. in 60 minutes on d. w. my 1st boss was a sewing machine. where i come from women are balanced by the social boards even so

and now for the last time this week we've got our science correspondent derek williams answering your questions and this week he wanted to know about t. cell immunity. what is currently known about t. cell in unity the immune system is quite complex when the body is infected with a virus that mounts an immune response in it what are called antigen presenting cells in just proteins from the virus and display them on their surface this activates t. helper cells which initiate a host of immune functions one is to help activate what are known as site a toxic or killer t. cells to destroy cells in the body that are already infected and they also stimulate so-called b. cells to produce antibodies that bind to the virus the antibodies prevent the virus from infecting other cells and tag it for elimination and antibody levels are what we focus on when we think about how long immunity lasts but but what are called memory t. and b. cells also play big roles and immune systems long term remembrance of specific pathogens and quick response if you're infected again research into and debate on t. c

and to visit derek williams in his home office we had our science correspondent looked up this is the beginning of a crisis for searching your questions on the crow virus. is reinfection possible. research on this topic while ongoing is is still inconclusive and will likely continue to be so for some months to come but a certain amount of what's called an outlier reinfection with covert 19 is actually to be expected not not everyone who catches the virus will mount a strong immune response and we know that repeat infections do occur with other coronaviruses there are also a number of reasons why someone who tests positive ones for an infectious disease can really test positive a few months after their symptoms improve including the chance that they never really shook off the infection the 1st time around i think the key question here is not about whether reinfection can happen it's about it's about scale if we start to see significant numbers of people who had coded $1000.00 once beginning to come down with it again then that'll be the time to really worry but but up until now the num

and eric williams will be back again tomorrow so if you have what questions to just post them to derek on our you tube channel if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the corona virus and to subscribe to our newsletter just log on to d.w. dot com slash corona dash is later. and that wraps up this edition of our coppa 900 special from me and the team in the land thanks for watching stay healthy. in 2015 the refugee crisis was given a face a lot including a 3 year old syrian boy drowned while fleeing to greece. his father survived the tragedy. years later he's trying to make a new start in the rug. how is he coping. global 3000. next on d w. happiness is for everyone schuman penises are very different from primates phoenix we have a totally ridiculous sized view of nature david and this is climate change crisis sex happiness in books you get smarter for free books on. this is some joke story a stubborn rice farmer from thailand. his problem tests. his credo no chemicals. his wife thought it was crazy. and i blocked up. his. steps. i. know. this for tests don't stand a ch

well next up this is derek williams says he of course is a science correspondent and he spend the hard work on storing your questions about 19 is our latest installment. does a rendez of your work against coded 19 and how. does appear is an antiviral medication that was originally developed to fight ebola that has been repurposed in the fight against cove at 19 which is why it's come so far so fast in trials usually that whole process takes much much longer in the meantime because it proved safe during testing in the last goal the epidemic that's been approved for emergency use in many countries for covert 19 as the pandemic continues to rage supplies of rendez of year worldwide are running short even though a final regulatory approval in most countries hasn't come get the drug works by interfering with viral replication inside the cell it kind of throws this this monkey wrench into the into the viral reproduction process studies have shown that it can shorten hospital stays for severely ill coded 19 patients the company that produces the drug now says that it's observational data show

and eric williams will be back again tomorrow so if you have what questions to just post them to derek on our you tube channel if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the corona virus and to subscribe to a newsletter just log on to d w dot com slash corona dash. and that wraps up this edition of 19 special for me in the c.n.n. berlin thanks for watching stay healthy. this may be season. but nobody ever dreamt of the way it did. still some things never seem to change. plus one of our. own w. . passion drama competition rivals marketing numbers on those here probably by that time and traditionally paid money . the fans are in the fire. because women love football. cuts. to go off on you tube joining us. now live from show that of us are. in support of. saving what's able. to bring about. 2 these quite as simple as it seems. to understand the world better we need to take a closer. experience knowledge. borrow to do it. on the job of. the barstow saragosa not going to the. 201920 buddhas legal coronavirus crises notwithstanding it's been another fast and .

and eric williams will be back again tomorrow so if you have more questions just post them to derek on our you tube channel if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the corona virus and to subscribe to our newsletter just log on to d w dot com slash corona dash. and that wraps up this edition of all covert $900.00 special from me in the team in berlin thanks for watching stay healthy. going to. come or none of the good everyone. that's the vision of immunise start up. there so no science shows how constant be different. because what's mine is all some of yours. read. w. one dismisses them. but nobody ever dreamt to protest the way i did. still some things never seem to change. plus one of the following since a pic of. the 16 on d. w. . are they friends she wanted to be with you if you try to steer the board which it was looking a full up in the finished image or are they and i mean he's going to use to finish the fusion feeling about it feel pushed you look older than his usual he's going to go give me my debit card for roger daltry and not him you're putting our 2 part

next up is derek williams use our science correspondent ann has been hard at work answering your questions about coven 19 here's our latest installment. of any researches tried i haven't. talked about this a couple of months ago but in light of recent developments i thought it would be good to discuss it again health officials in some countries particularly in south america have been promoting the anti parasitic drug ivermectin as a treatment for covert 19 and people have been buying up supplies of it even though there is no solid evidence that the medication works against the new corona virus ivermectin it is however a very effective treatment for infestations of of nasty things like like lice and pen morgan's. one big problem now is that with stocks of the drugs used to treat humans depleted people are beginning to self dose with versions of the drug that are usually prescribed for animals now it should be obvious why that's a very bad idea there are human trials going on and at least one has been concluded but the 1st results don't really look very convincing until we know a lot more th

williams answering your questions about covert 90. do people who are a symptom attic carry the same amount of viruses people who show symptoms. spread from asymptomatic or precint to mattick patients is one reason covert 19 it has moved with such such lightning speed through our populations live viable sars cove 2 is clearly being shared by people who often show no symptoms of the disease when they when they test positive for it so so we know they're playing a role in transmission much more of a role than they did for example during the sars epidemic when when patients were most infectious $5.00 to $10.00 days after they began showing symptoms the european centers for disease control say it's difficult to quantify how contagious asymptomatic people are because studies simply don't agree but the general consensus appears to be that they're less contagious than patients with symptoms or or priest symptomatic patients people who are going to get sick but just don't know it yet however there's also growing evidence that there are no signi

time for your questions now over to derek williams. how should we reopen public schools. this is another of those questions where we'll only really know the answer in hindsight but because it's such a politically charged topic being addressed and in many different ways by different countries i wanted to mention a few of the issues and what and what science knows so far 1st even the famously conservative w.h.o. now says the virus can hang in the air as an aerosol in enclosed spaces which makes classrooms potentially risky places to be 2nd although many studies support the idea that kids are less affected by the disease than adults are there's still a lot of debate about about what part they could play in transmission so 3rd are questions like what about their families or teachers and other school staff reopening schools of course exposes them to risks as well finally because kids show fewer symptoms than adults do it's clear that in places where the virus is still having a big impact a schools can only reopen safely when preventive testing can be carried out on a wide scal

science correspondent derek williams now a lot changed since the coronavirus spread worldwide even in the face of fashion it would appear here in berlin on thursday one designer unveiled her 2021 collection marvel at her line of evening and cocktail dresses each with matching face covering . and that's all from this covered 19 special thanks for joining us and to stay healthy. after. the point of strong opinions clear positions of international perspectives. coronavirus continues to spread relentlessly in this the poor who are suffering most both in better off industrialized countries and in the global south so how should the international community respond join me and my guests on to the point shortly. to the point. next took on t.w. . you could shape we have as many imperfections as i do my body felt hence my resting heart rate hard to hide and i really have to do something about my wrinkles talks a constant records not says self optimization is really a trend stays constant is not convinced so what's the point can we be perfectly happy. good shit. 60 minutes on d w. i think is ever

and eric williams will be back again tomorrow so if you have what questions to just post them to derek on our you tube channel if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the corona virus and to subscribe to our newsletter just log on to d w dot com slash corona dash is later. and that wraps of this edition of our $900.00 special from me at the end of the lens thanks for watching stay healthy. go africa. digitalisation in the pandemic. and online payment system has got a motorcycle taxi back on the road after a month's mom drive. now the customers pay for the ride without cash. for go. to. sleep. listen carefully. don't simply choose to do good. discover the. subscribe to the documentary on you tube. we're going to unofficial estimates more than 1200000 venezuelans live in colombia legally and illegally. already uncle walter was returned to. visiting friends he said i don't think i'd ever go back there to live you know but i live there again i don't know so i'm not sure. the witness global news that matters to me finds. what to i mean well conservation groups did it's all

assad's correspondent derek williams there i've been for thanks for joining us and also you again very soon you're on the delta about. to the point in strong opinions clear positions from international perspectives. after 4 nights of heated negotiations the leaders reached agreement on the 750000000000 euro recovery package it's being hailed as historic in principle will improve so in practice find out onto the porch. to the point. of being the focus on d w. in good shape. but do you actually like to. taste different. there are always new nutrition. going to spite of all differences are there any nutritional facts to apply to everyone. what should you pay special attention to so how complicated is a good nutrition. 90 minutes for. in the army of climate change. comes from a decision. much instant. what ideas do they have of the future of. g.w. dot com for the major cities the media seems clear. how does a virus spread. why do we panic and when we'll all miss. just 3 of the topics covered and the weekly radio show is called spectrum if you would like and new information on the front of

and outlets here more of your questions correspondent derek william stands ready to give someone says. what's being done to establish the actual origin of the virus. chasing a novel pathogen back to its original source is an extremely complex but also a very important task because it provides invaluable information about about how to prevent similar events in the future the current mantra is still that sars cove to jumped from animals to humans sometime towards the end of last year in china but we still don't know much about where or how we know that genetically it looks quite similar to other coronaviruses found in bats but but we can't yet say whether it jumped directly to us from them or if there were other intermediate host animals china has come in for criticism worldwide and in the course of this crisis not least for its perceived lack of transparency and cooperation in in looking into the origins of sars cove to but but finally last week the w.h.o. announced it was sending and advance team they are to help coordinate the search into how the covert $1000.00 crisis began it's mad

and derek williams will be back tomorrow which means you can post more of your questions to derek on our you tube channel and if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the coronavirus then subscribe to our newsletter go to www dot com slash corona dash newsletter. now then there's an interesting story from japan and i hope we have the pictures here because they're all robots which could help fight coby 1000 were unveiled at a railway station in japan the operators of the attack on our gateway in tokyo they showed a disinfectant robot which cleans a sanitizes handrails benches and other parts of the station using artificial intelligence other robots also help deliver food or carry luggage all the robots are equipped with 3 dimensional cameras and sensors to help them avoid obstacles. and from what i can tell they also keep a social distance well that's your covert knowledge and special here on d. w. of course you can find more updates and analysis on our website to d.w. dot com that is for me the team of the lens thanks for watching. the protests have been silenced ther

williams. why has germany being so successful and fighting coverage 19. germany's case fatality rate and it's over 200000 confirmed coping $1000.00 infections is quite low and and it has one of the highest recovery rates in the world most experts say that that's because the country got a lot of things right here in the early stages of the pandemic there was some luck involved i'd say the virus didn't strike germany massively and practically without warning like it did for example italy so so the country had a few crucial weeks to prepare and and that used them the political response to the looming pandemic which was very swift compared to other countries one of the 1st tests for the coronavirus was developed here in berlin and it began to be used widely in the country very early on didn't hurt to have a highly respected leader making decisions that people listen to among other things those decisions helped to protect the country's elderly which which many think is the big reason behind germany'

cars want to derek williams there i've been fizzling thanks for joining us and i'll see you again very soon here on the delta about. come. to the point of strong opinions clear positions of international perspectives the time. after 4 nights of heated negotiation the leaders reached agreement on a 750000000000 euro recovery package it's being hailed as historic in principle will it prove so in practice find out how to the point. to the point. of the next contest dollars. every day counts for us and for our planet. global ideas is on its way to bring you more conservation law how to make see the screen. how can we protect habitats. we can make a difference to. the ideas the environmental series included $3000.00 on g.w. and on line are they friends so you want to be with you i should try to steer the board which it wasn't really a belief i come up with the good news new mission or are they enemies going to finish that he's still in the building field which joe the bull in good news you should know what he's going to go to give me shit my dad worked for i just donald trump unplugging you

williams. why his germany being so successful in fighting covert 9 to. germany's case they tally rate and it's over 200000 confirmed kovac $1000.00 infections is quite low and and it has one of the highest recovery rates in the world most experts say that that's because the country got a lot of things right here in the early stages of the pandemic there was some luck involved i'd say the virus didn't strike germany massively and practically without warning like at the for example italy so so the country had a few crucial weeks to prepare and and it used them the political response to the looming pandemic was very swift compared to other countries one of the 1st tests for the coronavirus was developed here in berlin and it began to be used widely in the country very early on it didn't hurt to have a highly respected leader making decisions that people listen to among other things those decisions helped to protect the country's elderly which which many think is the big reason behind germany's low

and now it's your chance to ask the questions has asked science correspondent derek williams. what's the d.c. 614 g. mutation. the d 614 gene mutation is a mutation in a variant of the virus that's predominantly found in europe and most of the u.s. and there's been lots of speculation it might be links to either higher fatalities or or higher transmissibility in patients one study from the us that still under peer review claims to show the mutation makes the virus much more infectious by by stabilizing and increasing its number of speier x. though those are those proteins that sars co 2 uses to attach to cells but those researchers were only working with cell cultures so so their results don't necessarily translate one to one in the real world though other studies have supported the idea that the d. 614 g. variant is more transmissible it'll take more work to find out if the mutation really does make it more infectious in us rather than just in our cells and culture . why is covert 19 considered a pandemic when less than one percent of the world's population has been infected.

and derek williams will be back tomorrow which means you can post more of your questions to derek on our you tube channel and if you'd like to keep up with the latest developments on the coronavirus then subscribe to our newsletter go to www dot com slash corona dash news letter. now then there's an interesting story from japan and i hope we have the pictures here because several robots which could help fight coby 1000 were unveiled at a railway station in japan the operators of attack cannot gateway in tokyo they showed a disinfectant robot which cleans a sanitizes handrails benches and other parts of the station using artificial intelligence other robots also help deliver food or carry luggage all the robots are equipped with a 3 dimensional cameras and sensors to help them avoid obstacles. and from what i can tell they also keep a social distance well that's your code not in special here on t.w. of course you can find more updates and analysis on our website to d.w. dot com that is for me the team of bill and thanks for watching. the. tension remains high in the middle east. israe

williams. why his germany being so successful and fighting kovac 19. germany's case they tally rate and it's over 200000 confirmed covert $1000.00 infections is quite low and and it has one of the highest recovery rates in the world most experts say that that's because the country got a lot of things right here in the early stages of the pandemic there was some luck involved i'd say the virus didn't strike germany massively and practically without warning like at that for example italy so so the country had a few crucial weeks to prepare and and that used them the political response to the looming pandemic was very swift compared to other countries one of the 1st tests for the coronavirus was developed here in berlin and it began to be used widely in the country very early on it didn't hurt to have a highly respected leader making decisions that people listen to among other things those decisions helped to protect the country's elderly which which many think is the big reason behind germany's l