This thesis serves as a preliminary assessment of culture and values, and the resultant effect on performance and morale at Military Sealift Command (MSC), from the perspective of its largest subculture; the Civilian Mariners (CIVMARS). The study gathered qualitative data from 83 CIVMARS aboard seven of MSC's ships. The objective was to raise the issues of concern to CIVMARS, and based on this information, to develop and pilot test a survey for future use to quantitatively study a larger sample...
Topic: PERFORMANCE (HUMAN)
Thesis advisors, Susan P. Hocevar, Linda E. Wargo
Topics: PERFORMANCE (HUMAN), MORALE, SHIP PERSONNEL
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Thesis advisors, Susan P. Hocevar, Linda E. Wargo
Topic: PERFORMANCE (HUMAN),MORALE,SHIP PERSONNEL
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Title from cover
Topic: BEHAVIOR.,MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING.,PERFORMANCE(HUMAN).
Title from cover
Topics: BEHAVIOR., MANAGEMENT ENGINEERING., PERFORMANCE(HUMAN).
Media coverage of the performing arts in America paints a contradictory picture. On the one hand, the arts appear to be booming: The number of organizations offering live performances continues to grow, Broadway plays and live opera performances are bringing in record audiences, and the demand for commercial recordings is stronger than ever. Other stories, however, focus on theater groups, symphony orchestras, and dance companies that are cutting costs or closing their doors because they are...
Topics: DTIC Archive, RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA, *ORGANIZATIONS, *HUMANITIES, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), MUSIC
This study was designed to test the hypothesis that without opportunity to read the basic paragraphs, the alternative answers to the questions in the Reading and Vocabulary Test will be chosen in chance fashion.
Topics: DTIC Archive, ADJUTANT GENERALS OFFICE (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC WASHINGTON DC United States,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, INFORMATION RESOURCES MANAGEMENT COLL WASHINGTON DC, *EDUCATION, FEEDBACK,...
Report developed under USAF Grant/Cooperative Agreement for research interests of the Air Force Office of Scientific Research, AFOSR-BAA-2010-1. Perception and memory are both pivotal in various forms of skilled human performance. This projects goal was produce a quantitative account of the interactions between these two forces, examining ways in which they either enhance or limit one another. The immediate twin aims of the project focussed on the computations by which diverse sources of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, BRANDEIS UNIV WALTHAM MA, *MEMORY(PSYCHOLOGY), AUDITORY PERCEPTION,...
An international comparison of armed forces personnel reveals that military use of alcohol exceeds civilian rates. In this perspective, air force personnel do not tend to consume as much alcohol as personnel from other armed services. From a 2006 survey of perceptions of unwanted behaviours it appears that 15% of the Netherlands armed forces personnel reports misuse of alcohol in their units. Misuse of alcohol appears to increase the likelihood of bullying and harassment. It also has a negative...
Topics: DTIC Archive, NETHERLANDS DEFENCE ACADEMY BREDA, *ALCOHOLISM, AIR FORCE PERSONNEL, BEHAVIOR,...
There is a critical lack of scientific evidence about whether deadly force management, accountability and training practices actually have an impact on police officer performance in deadly force encounters, the strength of such impact, or whether alternative approaches to managing deadly force could be more effective. The primary cause of this lack is that current tools for evaluating officer-involved shootings are too coarse or ambiguous to adequately measure such highly variable and complex...
Topics: DTIC Archive, WASHINGTON STATE UNIV PULLMAN, *POLICE, DECISION MAKING, METRICS, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
The study suggests that the Air Force company grade officer evaluation system could be greatly improved if the appraisal tool were designed specifically for the position being rated, if performance and potential factors were clearly defined, if the coaching technique of counseling were made mandatory, and if exogenous influences were minimized.
Topics: DTIC Archive, MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST, *AIR FORCE PERSONNEL, *OFFICER PERSONNEL, PERSONNEL...
This project demonstrates the impact of mental model convergence on team performance. Results suggest that teams achieve better performance when they converge on goals, then on the approach to complete their task, and finally on how they will allocate work. These types of findings can inform training materials. Computational models developed were used to determine optimal communication patterns and run simulated experiments. Findings suggest that teams perform close to optimal when they achieve...
Topics: DTIC Archive, PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN, *TEAMS(PERSONNEL), CONVERGENCE, MATHEMATICAL MODELS,...
Towards enhancing the detection sensitivity of biomarkers for real-time human performance monitoring in bio-fluid media the researchers have developed nano-device platforms for pre-concentration, separation and enhancement of binding kinetics of target species to sensing elements. They will apply these methods to key biomarkers in year 2.
Topics: DTIC Archive, VIRGINIA UNIV CHARLOTTESVILLE, *BODY FLUIDS, *NANOTECHNOLOGY, DETECTION, FLUIDICS,...
Our recent work on the modeling human-like multi-task behaviors has led to unexpected insights into a possible mechanism contributing to individual differences in human performance. We begin by outlining our modeled conflict resolution strategy for the graceful sharing of perceptual, cognitive, and motor resources among multiple in-process tasks. We then discuss how that same mechanism might drive individual differences in concurrent task execution. The modeled strategy, in this case operating...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Deutsch, Stephen, $(evt.relatedTarget)>Corporate Author : .index(), *MODELS,...
We investigated the nature of human decision making in the leaky competing accumulator (LCA) model, a model that links behavior to underlying neural activity through abstract dynamical models in which noisy evidence is accumulated toward a decision, subject to leak and inhibition. The model predicts that evidence coming at different times can receive differential weight, and decisions outcomes should exhibit a mixture of discreteness and continuity. These predictions were confirmed across...
Topics: DTIC Archive, STANFORD UNIV CA, *DECISION MAKING, COGNITION, HUMANS, MATHEMATICAL MODELS,...
The economic aspects of the navy pay structure are discussed with respect to longevity, morale, personnel performance, and retention of experienced personnel.
Topics: DTIC Archive, RAND CORP SANTA MONICA CA, *ECONOMICS, NAVAL PERSONNEL, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), PERSONNEL...
This paper assesses the effects of post-secondary education on college success by examining a large detailed cross-sectional dataset of students from the U.S. Naval Academy. We find that students who have attended a pre-college program tend to graduate at higher rates than comparable students entering directly from high school but perform at lower levels academically overall.
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD, *EDUCATION, *PREPARATION, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), STUDENTS,...
Change detection is most complete and reports on target change detected are more accurate when the aerial photos compared are the same scale and are displayed with a common directional orientation. Significant decrement in completeness and accuracy is normally associated with additional increments of scale disparity between the two photos. Both completeness and accuracy were degraded also when the two photos are not displayed in the same directional orientation. A small degree of misalignment,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Klingberg, C L, BOEING CO SEATTLE WA, *PHOTOINTERPRETATION, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
Topics: DTIC Archive, *COSTS, *DEFENSE INDUSTRY, *PROJECT MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, POLICIES,...
The load of personal protective equipment (PPE) body armor affects physical performance of trained military personnel. A balanced effect of injury prevention and performance optimization is desired.
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER PORTSMOUTH VA, *PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT, BODY ARMOR, MILITARY...
A study was made of approximately 1800 men with experience ranging to 20 years in five different Army MOSs to provide information about the performance and characteristics of effective and ineffective marginal personnel in the Army. The study included a group of men with Armed Forces Qualification Test scores (AFQT) in the marginal range and a comparison group of men in the same jobs, but in the upper range of AFQT scores. Performance was measured by intensive job sample tests, job knowledge...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Vineberg, Robert, HUMAN RESOURCES RESEARCH ORGANIZATION ALEXANDRIA VA, *ARMY...
In this study, we created homogeneous and heterogeneous dyadic training teams on the basis of g to examine how team composition affects the acquisition and performance of a complex skill at both team and individual levels. Specifically, 176 young adult males completed 10 hours of training on a complex skill involving strong cognitive and psychomotor demands. Participants practiced in pairs and completed tests of both team and individual performance. We found a strong additive influence of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Day, Eric A, OKLAHOMA UNIV NORMAN, *SKILLS, *TRAINING, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
We describe our submission to the Image Relevance Assessment Task (IRAT) at the 2012 Text REtrieval Conference (TREC) Crowdsourcing Track. Four aspects distinguish our approach: 1) an interface for cohesive, efficient topic-based relevance judging and reporting judgment confidence; 2) a variant of Welinder and Perona's method for online crowdsourcing [17] (inferring quality of the judgments and judges during data collection in order to dynamically optimize data collection); 3) a completely...
Topics: DTIC Archive, TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN SCHOOL OF INFORMATION, *INFORMATION RETRIEVAL, IMAGES, LABELS,...
Although the Army developed the after action review (AAR) for live simulation, it is now applying the process to exercises conducted within virtual environments. Virtual AAR systems provide can significantly facilitate understanding of scenario performance; however, these systems require automated performance assessment capabilities to realize their full potential. We developed Automated Support for AAR Presentation (ASAP), a suite of intelligent technologies designed to enhance virtual AAR...
Topics: DTIC Archive, APTIMA INC WOBURN MA, *ARMY TRAINING, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), *DISTRIBUTED INTERACTIVE...
Following the review of the performance feedback literature by Ilgen, Fisher, and Taylor (1977), an instrument was developed to measure the dimensions of performance feedback identified in that review. This report describes the development of the instrument and the psychometric properties of it. Two samples of employees participated in the research. One sample was from a large manufacturing company. Members of the sample were randomly selected across all employee groups in that company. The...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ilgen, Daniel R, PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN, *FEEDBACK, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
Here, load carriage interventions for walking energy expenditure and running speed have been designed to: 1) advance existing models and 2) contribute needed data to the broader effort to develop load-carriage decision-aid tools for modern soldiers. We hypothesize first that our height, weight (including load), speed, and grade algorithms proposed will allow walking metabolic rates to be predicted to within 6.0 and 12.0% in laboratory and field settings, respectively. We hypothesize second that...
Topics: DTIC Archive, SOUTHERN METHODIST UNIV DALLAS TX, *LOCOMOTION, ALGORITHMS, ENERGY CONSUMPTION,...
This report results from a contract tasking Tel-Aviv University as follows: Our daily activities are comprised of motor routines, which are behavioral templates with specific goals, typically performed in an automatic fixed manner and without much conscious attention. Such routines can seem to resemble pathologic rituals that dominate the motor behavior of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and autistic patients. This resemblance raises the question of what differentiates and what is common in...
Topics: DTIC Archive, TEL-AVIV UNIV (ISRAEL), *DAILY OCCURRENCE, *BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES, *MOTOR REACTIONS,...
The U.S. General Accounting Office is an independent, professional, nonpartisan agency in the legislative branch that is commonly called the investigative arm of the Congress or the Congress's watchdog. Created in 1921 as a result of the Budget and Accounting Act, GAO has seen its role evolve over the decades as the Congress has expanded the agency's statutory authority and called on GAO with much greater frequency for oversight, insight, and foresight in addressing the growing complexity of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, GENERAL ACCOUNTING OFFICE WASHINGTON DC, *FEDERAL BUDGETS, *ACCOUNTABILITY, CONGRESS,...
This report is organized as follows: First, a broad definition of multitasking performance is offered and important considerations related to this definition. Second, an outline of the many task and environmental characteristics that potentially influence multitasking performance in critical ways is suggested. Third, specific cognitive and non-cognitive variables are identified as prime candidates for predicting multitasking performance, and specific research-based predictions follow. Fourth,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Oswald, Frederick L, MICHIGAN STATE UNIV EAST LANSING, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
The objective of the proposed effort is to develop a brief and accurate method for the simultaneous assessment of anaerobic and aerobic fitness that is practical for both field and laboratory use. We anticipate that a method requiring an assessment period of only a few minutes or less, and two brief, minimally fatiguing efforts is possible. Each subject will undergo established tests to assess their maximal aerobic power and anaerobic power, respectively. Subjects will also complete a series of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, RICE UNIV HOUSTON TX, *AEROBIC PROCESSES, *ANAEROBIC PROCESSES, *PHYSICAL FITNESS,...
Overview of briefing charts: what is critical thinking? What is teamwork? What is team critical thinking? The role of collaborative technology in team critical thinking.
Topics: DTIC Archive, APTIMA INC WASHINGTON DC, *TEAMS(PERSONNEL), PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), COOPERATION, PROBLEM...
Two programs, containing fictitious subject matter, were employed in a study designed to compare the teaching effectiveness (as measured by posttest) of textual material presented (1) as contingencies for responses in a program, or (2) as material upon which responses were not contingent. The content of the programs was identical, and they differed only in that material whose reading was necessary for correct responding in one program was not necessary for correct responding in the other and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, HARVARD UNIV CAMBRIDGE MA, *PROGRAMMED INSTRUCTION, LEARNING, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
This report contains the results and recommendations of the Defense Business Board (DBB) for shaping and utilizing the Department of Defense's (DoD) Senior Executive Service (SES) Corps. The study was undertaken in the spring of 2006 at the request of the Deputy Secretary of Defense, Mr. Gordon England, with the support of the Under Secretary of Defense (Personnel and Readiness), Dr. David S. Chu, through our liaison the Deputy Under Secretary of Defense (Civilian Personnel Policy), Mrs....
Topics: DTIC Archive, DEFENSE BUSINESS BOARD WASHINGTON DC, *POLICIES, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), *EXECUTIVES,...
For this report, a procedure was developed for defining clusters or sets of jobs based on their human ability requirements. The procedure combines several human performance taxomies into a flow-chart format, with the results defining the human abilities required for each type of performance. The procedure was tested by using it to establish job sets for a number of Army MOS.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Rossmeissl, Paul, HAY SYSTEMS INC WASHINGTON DC, *JOBS, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), *ARMY,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, WEISS, EDWARD C, MATRIX CORP ALEXANDRIA VA, *MAINTENANCE PERSONNEL,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA SOFTWARE ENGINEERING INST, *ROBOTS, MODELS,...
Contents: Upper extremity prosthetics re search; Fundamental studies to establish body control sites for application to externally powered prostheses, Component development studies, Control engineering survey, Analysis of existing externally-powered prostses and development of advanced design specifications, Development of electro-pneumatic lock-and-lift system. Research on the performance of human operators of tracking systems; Performance evaluation of variables of the optical system on the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, CALIFORNIA UNIV LOS ANGELES BIOTECHNOLOGY LAB, *TRACKING, *PROSTHETICS, WEAPONS,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR, *TRAINING, *SHIPBUILDING, UNITED STATES, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
The objective of the Advanced Analysis Cognition project is to improve human performance in intelligence analysis by synthesizing the results of research in several aspects of human cognition to understand what contributes to effective cognitive performance. This report on thinking dispositions explores the value and feasibility of evaluating a candidate's thinking dispositions as one component of intelligence analyst selection and the feasibility of training individuals in order to strengthen...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ACORN CONSULTING SPRINGFIELD OH, *COGNITION, ANALYSTS, INTELLIGENCE, PERFORMANCE...
Two exploratory experiments compared debugging performance of programers working under conditions of online and offline access to a computer. These are the first known studies measuring the performance of programers under controlled conditions for standard tasks. Statistically significant results indicated substantially faster debugging under online conditions in both studies. The results were ambiguous for central processor time--one study showed less computer time for debugging, and the other...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sackman, H, SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT CORP SANTA MONICA CA, *COMPUTER PROGRAMMING,...
The theory of multidimensional scaling is explained and the operation of a multidimensional scaling program (KYST) is examined under different input data forms and program control constraints. Using data collected from economists on the faculty of the Naval Postgraduate School, individual and aggregate configurations of their perceptions of economic subjects are obtained through multidimensional scaling of pairwise comparison data and are interpreted. A theory of non-interpretable dimensions is...
Topics: Management, scale analysis (psychology), scaling factors, multidimensional scaling, personnel...
The record cards of the Medical Research Laboratory at the New London Submarine Base supplied the test scores and school grades of some 1700 men who were later evaluated by submarine officers on a seven-trait graphic rating scale. The report attempts to evaluate the test scores and school grades as predictors of later submarine performance.
Topics: DTIC Archive, COLLEGE ENTRANCE EXAMINATION BOARD PRINCETON NJ, *SUBMARINE PERSONNEL, APTITUDE...
As the first of a two-part series, the purposes of this paper were to (1) review the currently available literature addressing factors and characteristics that may predict the performance and success of BUD/S candidates, and (2) identify critical paths for future research, focusing on that which may yield the highest operational return in the shortest time.
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL HEALTH RESEARCH CENTER SAN DIEGO CA, *UNDERWATER DEMOLITION, ATTRITION,...
Research has shown that with practice people improve on most tasks. It has also been made clear that over time interruptions become less disruptive. It is unclear whether the reduction in interruption disruptiveness is due to a general practice effect or specific to the interruption/resumption process. In this experiment, participants performed three sessions of a task with one, two, or three of the sessions containing interruptions. We found that in addition to all participants showing primary...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cades, David M, GEORGE MASON UNIV FAIRFAX VA, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), *LEARNING,...
This work advances basic research in the areas of learning and training. One product is a conceptual framework, which addresses the ways explicit and implicit knowledge interact to produce skills. This framework suggests that human performance may be controlled by either a subconceptual knowledge base (the implicit mode) or application of a symbolic conceptual model (the explicit mode). A computational cognitive architecture, CLARION, significantly different from other existing cognitive...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sun, Ron, RENSSELAER POLYTECHNIC INST TROY NY, *SKILLS, *LEARNING,...
This section has not changed since the previous report. The proposed research has the goal of understanding the brain system properties that underlie individual differences in cognitive performance and using this understanding to enhance performance of individuals and organizations. The proposed research will apply new leverage to this familiar problem using innovations in brain science from the past ten years that permit detailed noninvasive measurement of brain function, brain anatomy, and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *BRAIN, COGNITION, IMAGES,...
This report summarizes the major findings of a 20-year program of research on the role of cognitive resources in organizational performance. By cognitive resources we mean principally intellectual abilities, job-relevant technical knowledge, and experience. This particular report focuses primarily on the role and function of leadership experience.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Fiedler, Fred E., WASHINGTON UNIV SEATTLE, *LEADERSHIP, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
Evaluation of surgical skill in MIS can be made more accurate, objective, and general by considering cognitive and environmental factors such as mental workload, stress, situation awareness, and level of comfort with complex tools. This research will show that a comprehensive framework for measuring cognitive human factors in MIS settings will provide an important, statistically significant set of (largely overlooked, in this domain) nonredundant metrics for evaluating performance in the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, KENTUCKY UNIV RESEARCH FOUNDATION LEXINGTON, *COGNITION, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN),...
A function describes a one-to-one relationship between combinations of predictor and criterion variables. In this paper, we describe a new memory model that learns functional relationships. Two versions of the model are described. The first version learns the bivarite relationship between a single predictor and criterion. The second version expands on the first to multiple predictors. For both versions of the model, we present empirical data to test them and find that they do a good job of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, DEFENCE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TORONTO (CANADA), *LEARNING, *MEMORY(PSYCHOLOGY),...
