This report describes efforts in the design of the National Software Works system and efforts to integrate TENEX into the National Software Works system.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schantz, R, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS,...
This interim report summarizes the research essentially completed during the report period in question. The first section describes a numerically stable iterative method for the inversion of wavefront aberrations from measured point spread function data. Section two is devoted to the development of generalizations of Zernike polynomials that are useful in studying optimum balanced wavefront aberrations. The third section outlines the method of filtered singular value decomposition to wavefront...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Barakat,Richard, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *WAVE FUNCTIONS,...
A symposium on Attention and Performance VIII was held on the week of 21 Aug 78 and these topics were discussed: (a) Preparatory processes and motor programming; (b) Stimulus classification and identification; (c) Measurement of attention and effort; (d) Visual information processing; (e) Language comprehension; (f) Short-term memory; (g) Semantic memory; and (h) Reasoning, problem solving, and decision processes.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Nickerson,R S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SYMPOSIA,...
This Quarterly Technical Report covers work performed during the period noted on the development of a high-speed interface, called a Voice Funnel, between digitized speech streams and a packet switching communications network.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Rettberg, R D, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS,...
The message handling systems which have been developed and used within the ARPANET have spurred widespread interest. We are studying extensions of this technology, contemplating a system which will provide a message handling service of large capacity and high reliability while meeting stringent security requirements. Our task is to explore the suitability of the Pluribus computer for this application. The Pluribus multiprocessor has many characteristics which make it attractive as a machine for...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heart, Frank E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS,...
The first four reports in this series dealt largely with work quite closely related to the development, maintenance, and operation of the ARPANET, e.g., the IMPs and TIPs of the ARPANET and the Satellite IMPs and PLIs connected to the ARPANET. However, beginning with last quarter and continuing this quarter, our work with the ARPANET has been funded under a contract from the Defense Communications Agency and our work with Satellite IMPs, PLIs, etc. is being reported elsewhere. The only...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heart, Frank E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS,...
This Final Report covers work performed on the Remote Site Module (RSM) subsystems of the Advanced Command and Control Architectural Testbed (ACCAT). The project had two major objectives: to acquire and install the hardware at the NPS, CINCPACFLT, and BBN RSMs, and to perform research into the remote maintenance of network hosts.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Woznick, B, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *DISTRIBUTED DATA PROCESSING,...
This report covers work performed on the development of a high-speed interface, called a Voice Funnel, between digitized speech streams and a packet- switching communications network.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Rettberg, R D, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *ANALOG TO DIGITAL...
In this study, the results of an analytical investigation of pilot control of a simulated AV-8B (Harrier) aircraft are presented. The analysis was performed using a well-established pilot-vehicle model, namely, the Optimal Control Model. The effects on closed-loop performance of aircraft configuration (SAS-ON or SAS-OFF) and flight condition (hover or cruise) and of simulator motion cueing condition (fixed-base, moving platform or g-seat) were all analyzed. In addition, the interaction between...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Baron,S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *Flight control systems, Flight...
This document describes progress on (1) the development of a packet radio network, (2) speech compression and (3) speech evaluation. Activities reported under (1) include work on ELF, VM ELF , the IMP-11A interface, cross- network debugger and the PDP-11 gateway; under (2) investigation of the issues involving linear predictor gain parameters, and testing of a 1000 bits/second system; and under (3) application of multidimensional scaling techniques to quality evaluation. Additional keywords:...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Burchfield, J, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMAND AND CONTROL...
This quarterly Technical Report is the current edition in a series of reports which describe the work being performed at BBN in fulfillment of several ARPA work statements. This QTR covers work on several ARPA-sponsored projects including (1) development of the Pluribus Satellite IMP; and (2) development of the Mobile Access Terminal Network. This work is described in this single Quarterly Technical Report with the permission of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. The work on the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Blumenthal,S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *MESSAGE PROCESSING,...
In an earlier paper (Collins, Brown and Newman, in press ), cognitive apprenticeship was proposed as an alternative and richer view of learning than that suggested by didactic education. In this paper, we develop the concept of cognitive apprenticeship beyond that earlier exposition, exploring in particular its relationship to situated cognition and the social construction of knowledge. Using example from successful teaching methods, we discuss some of the central features of good learning...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Brown, John S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *CULTURE, *LEARNING,...
We demonstrate, using protocols of actual interactions with a question-answering system, that users of these systems expect to engage in a conversation whose coherence is manifested in the interpendence of their (often unstated) plans and goals with those of the system. Since these problems are even more obvious in other forms of natural-language understanding systems, such as task-oriented dialogue systems, techniques for engaging in question-answering conversation should be special cases of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cohen, Philip R, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *PROBLEM SOLVING,...
This Quarterly Technical Report describes work on the development of and experimentation with packet broadcast by satellite; on development of Pluribus Satellite IMPs; on a study of the technology of Remote Site Maintenance; on the development of Inter-network monitoring; on shipboard satellite communications; and on the development of Transmission control protocols for the HP3000, TAC, and VAX-UNIX. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bressler,R D, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS,...
This Quarterly Technical Report covers work performed during the period noted on the development of a high-speed interface, called a Voice Funnel, between digitized speech streams and a packet switching communications network.
Topics: DTIC Archive, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *MICROPROCESSORS,...
Automatic speech understanding must accommodate the fact that an entirely accurate and precise acoustic transcription of speech is unattainable. By applying knowledge about the phonology, syntax, and semantics of a language and the constraints imposed by a task domain, much of the ambiguity in an attainable transcription can be resolved. This paper deals with how to control the application of such knowledge. A control framework is presented in which hypotheses about the meaning of an utterance...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Rovner, Paul D, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SPEECH RECOGNITION,...
In many languages (e.g. Latin, Greek, Russian, Turkish, German) the relationship of a noun phrase to the rest of a sentence is indicated by altered forms of the noun. The possible relationships are called (surface) 'cases'. Because (1) it is difficult to specify semantic-free selection rules for the cases and (2) related phenomena based on prepositions or word order appear in apparently case-less languages, many have argued that studies of cases should focus on meaning, i.e. on 'deep cases'. A...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bruce, Bertram C, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *NATURAL LANGUAGE,...
This report describes BBN efforts in the continuing development of the HERMES message-processing system, with respect to system design, security requirements and preparations for the DARPA/NAVY/CINCPAC interactive test.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Burchfiel, J, Myer, T, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *MESSAGE PROCESSING,...
This is an interim report reviewing the implementation and acceptance testing of several refinements to the Communications and Control Processor (CCP) and a series of training programs on the CCP operation and software.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Briscoe, Howard W, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA COMPUTER SYSTEMS DIV,...
The message handling systems which have been developed and used within the ARPANET have spurred widespread interest. We are studying extensions of this technology, contemplating a system which will provide a message handling service of large capacity and high reliability while meeting stringent security requirements. Our task is to explore the suitability of the Pluribus computer for this application. The Pluribus multiprocessor has many characteristics which make it attractive as a machine for...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heart, Frank E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS,...
This Quarterly Technical Report describes work on the development of Pluribus Satellite IMPs: and on shipboard satellite communications. Keywords include: Computer networks; Packets; Packet broadcast; Satellite communication; Gateways; Pluribus Satellite IMP, Shipboard communications; ARPANET; and Internet.
Topics: DTIC Archive, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS, *COMPUTER...
A symposium on Attention and Performance VIII was held on the week of 21 Aug 78 and these topics were discussed: (a) Preparatory processes and motor programming; (b) Stimulus classification and identification; (c) Measurement of attention and effort; (d) Visual information processing; (e) Language comprehension; (f) Short-term memory; (g) Semantic memory; and (h) Reasoning, problem solving, and decision processes.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Nickerson,R S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SYMPOSIA,...
A symposium on Attention and Performance VIII was held on the week of 21 Aug 78 and these topics were discussed: (a) Preparatory processes and motor programming; (b) Stimulus classification and identification; (c) Measurement of attention and effort; (d) Visual information processing; (e) Language comprehension; (f) Short-term memory; (g) Semantic memory; and (h) Reasoning, problem solving, and decision processes.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Nickerson,R S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SYMPOSIA,...
The STEAMER computer-based propulsion engineering training system was installed at the Surface Warfare Officers School in Newport, R.I. and made available for use by Propulsion Plant Trainer (PPT) instructors. The instructors felt that the STEAMER system could make a valuable contribution to propulsion training and suggested many potential uses for the system in support of training. Also, observations of their use of STEAMER revealed a number of ways in which the user interface could be...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stevens,Albert, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *Computer aided...
This report describes the primary functional capabilities which will be designed into the Distributed Operating System to be designed and implemented. The goals include coherence and uniformity in the user model of the system, survivability and integrity of the system function and data, scalability of the architecture, resource management, component substitutability, and operation and maintenance procedures. The concept of a virtual Local Network, making it possible to substitute a variety of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schantz,R, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *Distributed data processing,...
This report presents a technical overview of the National Software Works System architecture and design. The NSW is a working example of a network operating system, which is intended to integrate and provide uniform access to software tools residing on a number of constituent host systems connected to the ARPA Network. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Schantz,Richard E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *Computer programs,...
BBN's ARPA project in Knowledge Representation for Natural Language Understanding is aimed at developing techniques for rendering computer-based assistance to a decision maker who is attempting to understand and react to a complex, evolving system or situation. The decision maker's access to the situation is mediated by an intelligent graphics display system, which is controlled largely through natural language input. The work during this past year falls into two main categories: fundamental...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sidner, C, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPUTER APPLICATIONS,...
BBN's ARPA project in Knowledge Representation for Natural Language Understanding is aimed at developing techniques for rendering computer-based assistance to a decision maker who is attempting to understand and react to a complex, evolving situation. This report summarizes our research in knowledge representation an natural language over the length of the contract. In particular, we discuss the development if KL-ONE, NIKL, and KL-TWO, the advances in RUS and the PSI-KLONE systems, and our work...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sidner, C, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,...
This document reports progress in the development of a phonetic speech synthesis algorithm and in the implementation of a real-time vocoder. The synthesis algorithm uses LPC synthesis from the concatenation of diphone templates. The methodology and basic software of the synthesis work are described. In vocoder system on our PDP-11 and AP-120B computers is described, as is our plan for the modification of this system for improved speech quality. Keywords include: Speech synthesis; Phonetic...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Makhoul, J, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SPEECH COMPRESSION, *VOCODERS,...
This report proposes a plan-based natural language system that incorporates knowledge of both plan and discourse structure of task-oriented dialogues. An initial representation of communicative (discourse) actions is discussed, in particular how to incorporate knowledge of legal moves as action effects rather than grammars. The subtle differences implicit in various surface realizations are also examined, as well as the structure of these communicative actions in actual dialogues. It is...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Litman, Diane, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE,...
The resonant dwell technique was used to measure loss factors at the fundamental frequency of a number of cantilever beam samples (100 to 200 Hz). Nine different metal matrix composites, three unreinforced base metals, and eight configurations of FP(AL203)/ZE41AMg were tested at three temperatures and four peak sample stress levels below 30,000 psi. The results indicate increasing loss factor with increasing stress level. Loss factors of all composites except graphite/aluminum composites were...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Timmerman,N S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPOSITE MATERIALS,...
Central to being able to construct powerfully intelligent knowledge-based systems is the development of a representational system that is able to handle open-ended domains of knowledge. Critical to this effort is an understanding of the semantics of such notations, and more generally an understanding of the fundamental notions of 'semantics' and 'meaning'. This report addresses fundamental issues of semantics for computational systems. The question at issue is 'What is it that machines can have...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Woods,W A, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SEMANTICS, *NATURAL LANGUAGE,...
We demonstrate, using protocols of actual interactions with a question-answering system, that users of these systems expect to engage in a conversation whose coherence is manifested in the interpendence of their (often unstated) plans and goals with those of the system. Since these problems are even more obvious in other forms of natural-language understanding systems, such as task-oriented dialogue systems, techniques for engaging in question-answering conversation should be special cases of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cohen, Philip R, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *PROBLEM SOLVING,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sher,Lawrence D, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *TRAINING DEVICES,...
We report on research toward a very-low-rate vocoder. This quarter we continued investigation in three areas. The first area of research is multi- speaker synthesis: speech synthesis from the transmitted vocoder parameters with the voice quality of the vocoder user. This processing entails speaker-specific spectral transformation of the vocoder diphone database. The second area of research is to improve the accuracy of the phonetic recognition. Our work this quarter concentrated on training the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Makhoul, John, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SPEECH ARTICULATION,...
This report presents an abstract process model of 'well formed' discourse. The model is based on a hierarchical segmentation of utterances into distinct, but related and linked, context spaces. Context spaces are characterized by slots similar to case frames. The slots are functionally defined and they capture information both explicit and implicit in the dialogue. In a context space theory of discourse, a conversation is viewed as a sequence of conversational moves. A conversational move...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Reichman,Rachel, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SOCIAL COMMUNICATION,...
This report describes the work performed in the second year of the three-year contract to explore the application of symbolic processing to command and control (C2); specifically, the graphics interface between the C2 user and a complex C2 decision support system. In Volume I, the goals and approaches used in the design of the prototype system, AIPS (Advanced Information Presentation System), are discussed, as well as the year's efforts to extend the prototype. An overview of the current AIPS...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Zdybel, Frank, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMAND AND CONTROL...
In an ideal list-processing system there would be enough core memory to contain all the data and programs. The paper describes a number of techniques used to build a LISP system which utilizes a drum for its principal storage medium, with a surprisingly low time-penalty for use of this slow storage device. The techniques include careful segmentation of system programs, allocation of virtual memory to allow address arithmetic for type determination, and a special algorithm for building...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bobrow, Daniel G, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *MEMORY DEVICES,...
Volume II, which is intended as a guide in solving the problem of noise control, discusses the ways in which acoustic noise can be undesireable. The topics treated in particular are: basic bio-and psycho acoustic data; effects of noise on human behavior; and human response criteria for noise control. Several subjective responses were analyzed and correlated with properties of the physical stimuli. Definitions of bio-acoustic terminology are given with a description of the anatomy of the ear and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ROSENBLITH, WALTER A., STEVENS, KENNETH N., BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA,...
The F-102 production silencer enclosure at Convair-San Diego has been evaluated acoustically. This silencer is similar to a turbojet engine test cell, but is designed to enclose a complete aircraft. Measurements of sound pressure level in and around the silencer are reported, and the noise reductions of the various elements of the acoustical treatment, as well as the noise reduction of the silencer as a whole, are determined. The results indicate that the average insertion-loss noise reduction...
Topics: DTIC Archive, KEAST, DAVID N, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *ACOUSTIC INSULATION, *JET...
Measurements of the noise characteristics of two Durastack noise suppressor systems are reported. The only difference in the two systems is the acoustical treatment of the secondary air intake. Type A suppressor has essentially no acoustical treatment in the secondary air intake while Type B is acoustically treated. Measurements in octave bands taken on a 25-foot circle and at close-in positions are presented. Average noise reduction of both types of suppressors is fairly flat above the first...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Doelling, Norman, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SUPPRESSORS, *JET ENGINE...
The Quarterly Technical Report, No. 10, describes aspects of the work on the ARPA Computer Network during the second quarter of 1971. Efforts during this period were devoted primarily, though not exclusively, to the Terminal IMP. The quarter saw the ARPA Network remain stable in size; the opportunity was used to study traffic in the net, to plan and implement improvements in the operation of the Network Control Center at BBN, to discover and correct some minor bugs in the operational IMP...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heart, Frank E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPUTER NETWORKS, CONTROL...
The aim of this study is to gain insight into the strategies that might be necessary in a device for the automatic recognition of spoken sentences, through an experiment in which speech recognition is attempted by visual recognition of spectrograms by experienced experimenters. Spectrograms of a set of ten sentences, constructed from a vocabulary of 200 words, were prepared and the experimenters (the authors) attempted two tasks from visual examination of the spectrograms: (1) phonetic...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Klatt, Dennis H, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *PHONETICS, *SPEECH...
The Modular Acoustic System is a broadband general purpose acoustic measurement system designed for use on the submersible ALVIN. This report discusses four general areas for experimental research where the design features of the System, coupled with ALVIN's special capabilities, are particularly appropriate. The areas are: (1) Bottom reflectivity as a function of both frequency and angle of incidence, with particular attention to the porosity created in marine sediments by large populations of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, McElroy, Paul T., BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *DEEP SUBMERGENCE...
We are interested in making it easy for computer-naive people to sit in front of a computer terminal (eventually an Intelligent Terminal) and learn how to use the computer tools available through it. We believe that a good way to achieve this goal is by means of a reactive learning environment, where tutorial services ranging from systematic teaching to occasional on-line help are made easily and immediately available to users. The three fundamental aspects that such a learning environment must...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Grignetti, Mario C, Hartley, Alice K, Hausmann, Catherine, Ash, William L, Bobrow,...
An important component of the Packet Radio project is the station software, providing a variety of control, coordination and monitoring functions. Progress during this quarter centered on Labeler process enhancements, gateway efforts, and extensive support activities. Each of these is covered in a section devoted to those subjects. Additional sections cover meetings, publications, negotiations, other station work, and hardware. A special section deals with network testing, which would...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Beeler, M, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMAND AND CONTROL SYSTEMS,...
A symposium on Attention and Performance VIII was held on the week of 21 Aug 78 and these topics were discussed: (a) Preparatory processes and motor programming; (b) Stimulus classification and identification; (c) Measurement of attention and effort; (d) Visual information processing; (e) Language comprehension; (f) Short-term memory; (g) Semantic memory; and (h) Reasoning, problem solving, and decision processes.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Nickerson,R S, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *SYMPOSIA,...
This document reports on work toward a very low rate vocoder. We model speech as a Markov Chain of spectral templates for the unsupervised learning approach to very low rate vocoding. This quarter investigated some variations in the spectral clustering algorithms. We also decided to use the speech of many speakers for the clustering and sequential modeling. We also began work on synthesizing the speech of many speakers from a diphone data base recorded from a single speaker. In phonetic...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Makhoul, John, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *LOW RATE, *VOCODERS, *VOICE...
The first four reports in this series dealt largely with work quite closely related to the development, maintenance, and operation of the ARPANET, e.g., the IMPs and TIPs of the ARPANET and the Satellite IMPs and PLIs connected to the ARPANET. However, beginning with last quarter and continuing this quarter, our work with the ARPANET has been funded under a contract from the Defense Communications Agency and our work with Satellite IMPs, PLIs, etc. is being reported elsewhere. The only...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Heart, Frank E, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMMUNICATIONS NETWORKS,...
The effort to develop a UNIX NSW Front End is part of the National Software Works (NSW) program sponsored jointly by the Air Force and ARPA. The goal of the NSW program is to develop a network operating system (called the NSW system or NSW for short) that provides an effective environment for software production, software configuration control, and software maintenance. Users access the National Software Works system by means of an NSW Front End. The objective of the UNIX NSW Front End project...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Thomas,Robert H, BOLT BERANEK AND NEWMAN INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *COMPUTER COMMUNICATIONS,...
