191
191
Jun 21, 2010
06/10
by
Balygin, I. YA
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Heat transfer intensity for dielectric in electric field
Topics: HALITES, OXYGEN PRODUCTION, PEROXIDES, CHEMICAL REACTIONS, CHLORATES, COST ESTIMATES
225
225
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Hochstein, Lawrence I.; Dalton, Bonnie P
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An NADH dehydrogenase obtained from an extremely halophilic bacterium was purified 570-fold by a combination of gel filtration, chromatography on hydroxyapatite, and ion-exchange chromatography on QAE-Sephadex. The purified enzyme appeared to be FAD-linked and bad an apparent molecular weight of 64000. Even though enzyme activity was stimulated by NaCl, considerable activity (430 % of the maximum activity observed in the presence of 2.5 M NaCl) was observed in the absence of added NaCl. The...
Topics: HALOPHILES, DEPOSITION, MICROORGANISMS, HALITES, AUSTRIA, SEQUENCING, PROTEINS, PH, LIPIDS,...
Work this past year has focused on the globally significant events of faunal turnover, tectonic reorganization, and biogeochemical change that closely coincided with the Precambrian-Cambrian boundary in the Sultanate oilman. Higher temporal and chronostratigraphic resolution are required in order to answer this question. Stratigraphic sections must contain fossils, volcanic rocks, and abundant carbonates with little or no diagenetic overprint. The Ara Group of the South Oman Salt Basin presents...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BIOGEOCHEMISTRY, BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION, CARBONATES,...
The hydrogen trapped in X-irradiated hypophosphites, phosphites, formates, oxalates, a phosphate, and some organic compounds was vacuum extracted and measured quantitatively with a mass spectrometer. After extraction, normally developable salts were found to be still developable. Thus, the latent image is not the trapped hydrogen but a species of the type HPO(-)2. The amplification factor for irradiated hypophosphites is about 100. A narrow range of wavelengths (at about 0.07 nm, 0.7 A) is...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AFTERIMAGES, HYDROGEN, ORGANIC COMPOUNDS, RADIOGRAPHY,...
We investigate the hypothesis that halite grains in the brecciated H chondrites Zag and Monahans originate from Ceres. Evidence includes mineralogy of the halites consistent with formation on a large, carbonaceous, aqueously active body close to the H chondrite parent body >4 Ga ago. Evidence also includes orbital simularities between 1 Ceres and the purported H chondrite parent body (HPB) 6 Hebe, possibly facilitating a gentle transfer between the bodies. Halite grains in the Monahans...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HALITES, CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, CHONDRITES, BRECCIA,...
The significance of finding viable extreme halophiles in halites associated with Permian-aged sedimentary deposits is considered. Issues related to the microbiology and geochemistry of the halite environment are addressed. Recommendations that related the significance of this phenomenon to NASA's interest in planetary exploration and the early evolution of life are provided.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HALITES, GEOCHEMISTRY, MICROBIOLOGY, MINERAL DEPOSITS,...
411
411
Jun 20, 2010
06/10
by
Kozhin, V. M
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Sodium chloride crystal as thermal standard for X-ray diffraction analysis of substances at varying temperatures
Topics: CRYSTAL OPTICS, X RAYS, CRYSTAL OPTICS, SODIUM CHLORIDE, THERMAL EXPANSION, X-RAY DIFFRACTION,...
Present knowledge of the mechanisms for production and enrichment and film drops by bursting bubbles is summarized, with particular emphasis on the unsolved problems. Sea salt is by far the major constituent cycled through the Earth's atmosphere each year. Bursting bubbles in the oceans appear to be primarily responsible. These salt particles play a role in the formation of maritime clouds, which in turn affect the Earth's radiation budget. Along with the salt are carried various chemical...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BUBBLES, DROPS (LIQUIDS), ENRICHMENT, FLUID FILMS, FLUID...
Chemical alterations, weathering, and diagenesis of soil profiles from the dry valleys of Antarctica were studied as analogs of regolith development for the Martian regolith. Chemical weathering processes play an important part in soil development within the dry valleys of Antarctica. A suite of core samples were studied which were taken within the valley floors in addition to samples taken in the vicinity of evaporite and brine ponds. Analysis of water soluable cations and anions from core...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CHEMICAL EFFECTS, DESERTS, EXOBIOLOGY, EXTRATERRESTRIAL LIFE,...
This project was to investigate models for aqueous sedimentation on early Mars from fluid evaporation. Results focused on three specific areas: (1) First, a fluid evaporation model incorporating iron minerals was developed to compute the evaporation of a likely solution on early Mars derived from the weathering of mafic rock. (2) Second, the fluid evaporation model was applied to salts within Martian meteorites, specifically salts in the nakhlites and ALH84001. Evaporation models were found to...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MARS SURFACE, SEDIMENTS, AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS, EVAPORATION,...
Our understanding of early solar system fluids took a dramatic turn a decade ago with the discovery of fluid inclusion-bearing halite (NaCl) crystals in the matrix of two freshly fallen brecciated H chondrite falls, Monahans and Zag. Both meteorites are regolith breccias, and contain xenolithic halite (and minor admixed sylvite -- KCl, crystals in their regolith lithologies. The halites are purple to dark blue, due to the presence of color centers (electrons in anion vacancies) which slowly...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CHONDRITES, CRYSTALS, HALITES, INCLUSIONS, POTASSIUM...
A waste material from an aggregate producing quarry has been used to make an inexpensive lunar simulant called BP-1. The feedstock is the Black Point lava flow in northern Arizona. Although this is part of the San Francisco volcanic field, which is also the source of the JSC-1 series feedstock, BP-1 and JSC-1 are distinct. Chemically, the Black Point flow is an amygdaloidal nepheline-bearing basalt. The amygdules are filled with secondary minerals containing opaline silica, calcium carbonate,...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MINERALS, X RAY DIFFRACTION, BASALT, CALCIUM CARBONATES,...
A novel extremely halophilic archaeon (archaebacterium) was isolated from rock salt obtained from an Austrian salt mine. The deposition of the salt is thought to have occurred during the Permian period (225 x 106 to 280 x 10(exp 6) years ago). This organism grew over a pH range of 6.8 to 9.5. Electron microscopy revealed cocci in tetrads or larger clusters. The partial 16S rRNA sequences, polar lipid composition, and menaquinone content suggested that this organism was related to members of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HALOPHILES, MICROORGANISMS, HALITES, AUSTRIA, SEQUENCING,...
Two thermally-metamorphosed ordinary chondrite regolith breccias, Monahans 1998 (H5) and Zag (H3-6) contain fluid inclusion-bearing halite (NaCl) crystals, dated by K-Ar, Rb-Sr and I-Xe systematics to be approx. 4.5 billion years old. Heating/freezing studies of the aqueous fluid inclusions demonstrated that they were trapped near 25 C, and their continued presence in the halite grains requires that their incorporation into the H chondrite asteroid was post metamorphism.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), METAMORPHISM (GEOLOGY), BRECCIA, CHONDRITES, REGOLITH,...
The formation of Don Quixote Pond in the North Fork of Wright Valley, Antarctica, is a model for unique terrestrial calcium, chlorine, and sulfate weathering, accumulation, and distribution processes. The formation of Don Quixote Pond by simple shallow and deep groundwater contrasts more complex models for Don Juan Pond in the South Fork of Wright Valley. Our study intends to understand the formation of Don Quixote Pond as unique terrestrial processes and as a model for Ca, C1, and S weathering...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PONDS, ANTARCTIC REGIONS, WEATHERING, CALCIUM, CHLORINE,...
Current research on supercritical water processes on board the International Space Station (ISS) focuses on salt precipitation and transport in a test cell designed for supercritical water. This study, known as the Supercritical Water Mixture Experiment (SCWM) serves as a precursor experiment for developing a better understanding of inorganic salt precipitation and transport during supercritical water oxidation (SCWO) processes for the eventual application of this technology for waste...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS, MICROGRAVITY, SUPERCRITICAL FLOW, HALITES,...
We present the hypothesis that halite may play a role in methane sequestration on the martian surface. In terrestrial examples, halite deposits sequester large volumes of methane and chloromethane. Also, examples of chloromethane-bearing, approximately 4.5 Ga old halite from the Monahans meteorite show that this system is very stable unless the halite is damaged. On Mars, methane may be generated from carbonaceous material trapped in ancient halite deposits and sequestered. The methane may be...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HALITES, METHANE, GAS POCKETS, MARS (PLANET), MARS SURFACE,...
A Trojan Tour and Rendezvous mission was specifically targeted by the 2011 Planetary Decadal Survey Committee as a high priority mission for the New Frontiers program.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TROJAN ASTEROIDS, NEUTRON SPECTROMETERS, GAMMA RAY...
Monahans meteorite (H5) contains fluid inclusion- bearing halite (NaCl) crystals [1]. Microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy showed that the fluid in the inclusions is an aqueous brine and they were trapped near 25degC [1]. Their continued presence in the halite grains requires that their incorporation into the H chondrite asteroid was post metamorphism [2]. Abundant solid inclusions are also present in the halites. The solid inclusions include abundant and widely variable organics [2]....
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), HALITES, METEORITES, CHONDRITES, CARBON COMPOUNDS, X RAY...
Early solar system aqueous fluids are preserved in some H chondrites as aqueous fluid inclusions in halite (e.g., [1]). Although potential fluid inclusions are also expected in carbonaceous chondrites [2], they have not been surely confirmed. In order to search for these fluid inclusions, we have developped a new X-ray micro-tomography technique combined with FIB sampling and applied this techniqu to a carbanaceous chondrite. Experimental: A polished thin section of Sutter's Mill meteorite (CM)...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, X RAY ABSORPTION, TOMOGRAPHY,...
The physical forces between atoms and molecules are important in a number of processes of practical importance, including line broadening in radiative processes, gas and crystal properties, adhesion, and thin films. The components of the physical forces between noble gas atoms, alkali ions, and halogen ions are analyzed and a data base for the dispersion forces is developed from the literature based on evaluations with the harmonic oscillator dispersion model for higher order coefficients. The...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CRYSTAL SURFACES, GAS-SOLID INTERACTIONS, HALITES,...
We report here the observation of indigenous organic matter spatially associated with, and in several cases embedded within, halite crystals located in alteration veins inside the Martian meteorite Nakhla. Further-more, we have also detected enrichments of boron (B) in these halites far in excess of those previously reported in bulk Martian meteorites. Boron in Martian halites has not been detected previously.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS, BORON, HALITES, CRYSTALS, SNC...
Over the past three decades we have become increasingly aware of the fundamental importance of water, and aqueous alteration, on primitive solar-system bodies. Some carbonaceous and ordinary chondrites have been altered by interactions with liquid water within the first 10 million years after formation of their parent asteroids. Millimeter to centimeter-sized aggregates of purple halite containing aqueous fluid inclusions were found in the matrix of two freshly-fallen brecciated H chondrite...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES, OXYGEN 17, SOLAR SYSTEM, WATER,...
The Nakhla meteorite possesses discrete, well defined, structurally coherent morphologies of carbonaceous phases present within iddingsite alteration zones. Based upon both isotopic measurements and analysis of organic phases the presence of pre-terrestrial organics is now recognized. Within the microcrystalline layers of Nakhla s iddingsite, discrete clusters of salt crystals are present. These salts are predominantly halite (NaCl) with minor MgCl2 crystals. Some CaSO4, likely gypsum, appears...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBONACEOUS METEORITES, CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, ELECTRON...
The outcrop rocks investigated by the Mars Exploration Rover (MER) Opportunity at Meridiani Planum consist of altered basaltic fines emplaced through aeolian and aqueous processes. Diagenesis through episodes of groundwater influx is likely responsible for lithification of the sediments, formation and subsequent dissolution of embedded crystals, and development of hematitic spherules with occasional cemented overgrowths [1]. The action of liquid water in the development of these rocks prompts...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), OUTCROPS, BASALT, ROCKS, HALITES, SPHERULES, MARS...
Spectroscopic evidence supports the presence of Mg-Na-K salts derived from cryovolcanism on the surface of Europa. Halite (NaCl) is effective at very long-term preservation of organic phases and structures. Collection of salt crystals from Europan plumes would provide solid inclusions of organics, potentially also biomaterials, all suitable for analysis. Two thermally-metamorphosed ordinary chondrite regolith breccias (Monahans 1998 (H5) and Zag (H3-6)) contain fluid and solid inclusion-bearing...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), SURVIVAL, ORGANIC MATERIALS, PLANETARY CRYOSPHERES,...
