Satellite data first became available in the 1960's making solar budget calculations more feasible. In this study, satellite measurements of reflected solar insolation from NIMBUS II were combined with simultaneous pyrheliometer readings of transmissivlty over North America to provide the basis for computation of the atmospheric absorptivity. In the statistical parameterization of the absorptivity, such readily available data as water vapor mass and satellite reflectance were introduced as...
Topics: Meteorology, solar budget, absorptivity, transmissivity
In order to know the groundwater potential in an area and to see the effect of pumping on groundwater system, it is important to know the aquifer parameters. Similarly, problems related to groundwater like scarcity of groundwater due to excessive pumping, contamination of groundwater etc., require a fairly accurate knowledge of these parameters. The present study aims at finding out the aquifer parameters, i. e., specific storage and transmissivity, for homogeneous and layered...
Topics: Aquifer Parameters, Pumping Well, Specific Storage & Transmissivity
Evaluation has been made on the monthly and annual average diurnal evolution of the hourly diffuse radiation as well as its radiometric fractions on surfaces inclined at 12.85, 22.85 and 32.85° to face North, in climate conditions of Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil (22.85° S and 48.43° W). Measurements were made between 04/1998 to 08/2001 for 22.85°; 09/2001 to 02/2003 for 12.85° and 01/2004 to 12/2007 for 32.85°, with concomitant measures in the horizontal. For all surfaces the diffuse...
Topics: Solar Radiation, Solar Energy, Atmospheric Transmissivity, Radiometric Fractions
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This article provides a possible idea to increase the efficiency of a solar cell by avoiding much reflection of light from cell’s surface. Natural photonic architectures, found in transparent wings of some insects may help us to design a surface with maximum transparency based on shape, size, and organization of comprised photonic architectures. Utilizing the explained fact, a surface with maximum transparency can be evolved and used as an antireflective for solar cells. Article deputizes...
Topics: Natural Photonic Architectures, Solar Cell, Transparent Wings, Light Trapping, Transmissivity
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Jul 12, 2010
07/10
by
Thuiller, G.; Simon, P. C.; Pastiels, R.; Labs, D.; Meckel, H
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This instrument, at the present time in development, will fly on board Spacelab I in May 1983. Other flights are foreseen during the following missions. The instrument is composed of three double monochromators covering the range 170 to 3200 nm. The spectrometers have bandpasses of 1 nm up to 900 nm and 20 nm from 850 to 3200 nm with an accuracy 1/100 nm. Calibration lamps are included in the instrument to monitor any change of its sensitivity and wavelength scale.
Topics: ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION, SOLAR CONSTANT, VARIATIONS, BALLOON-BORNE INSTRUMENTS, CALIBRATING, OZONE,...
The Optical Effects Module Model OEM-1, a laboratory prototype instrument designed for the automated measurement of radiation transmission and scattering through optical samples, is described. The system comprises two main components: the Optical Effects Module Enclosure (OEME) and the Optical Effects Module Electronic Controller and Processor (OEMCP). The OEM is designed for operation in the near UV at approximately 2540A, corresponding to the most intense spectral line activated by the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CONTAMINATION, RADIATION MEASUREMENT, SCATTERING, COMPUTER...
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May 27, 2011
05/11
by
Ghuman, Parminder; Sheikh, Salman; Koubek, Steve; Hoy, Scott; Gray, Andre
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The architecture of High Rate (600 Mega-bits per second) Digital Demodulator (HRDD) ASIC capable of demodulating BPSK and QPSK modulated data is presented in this paper. The advantages of all-digital processing include increased flexibility and reliability with reduced reproduction costs. Conventional serial digital processing would require high processing rates necessitating a hardware implementation in other than CMOS technology such as Gallium Arsenide (GaAs) which has high cost and power...
Topics: POLARIZED LIGHT, OPTICAL REFLECTION, ELECTRIC FIELDS, THIN FILMS, WAVE FRONTS, TRANSMISSIVITY,...
The NASA self calibrating multiwavelength pyrometer is a recent addition to the list of pyrometers used in remote temperature measurement in research and development. The older one-color, two-color, and the disappearing filament pyrometers, as well as the multicolor and early multiwavelength pyrometers, all do not operate successfully in situations in which strong ambient radiation coexists with radiation originating from the measured surface. In such situations radiation departing from the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CALIBRATING, REMOTE SENSORS, TEMPERATURE MEASUREMENT,...
The net radiation method is developed for analyzing radiation heat transfer in enclosure systems involving partially transparent walls. One such system is an enclosure with windows in it. The conventional net radiation method was developed for enclosures having opaque walls. If a partially transparent wall is present, it will permit radiation to enter and leave the enclosure. The net radiation equations are developed here for gray and semigray enclosures with one or more windows. Another system...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), RADIATIVE HEAT TRANSFER, SOLAR COLLECTORS, TRANSPARENCE,...
In the previous DURIP award (W911NF-13-1-0287), we reported the calibration data of the electrical loop back test of the SHF 12103ADual Differential Channel 56 Gbps Bit Pattern Generator (BPG) and the eye diagram of the optical transmission produced with our (highspeed integrated circuit group, HSIC) high speed microcavity VCSEL and the SHF 12103 BPG. In this case, only transmission BPG of devices can be characterized, however, the receiving data error transmission cannot be analyzed.In this...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Feng,Milton, University of Illinois - Urbana Champaign United States, calibration,...
This report describes a new type of intensity-modulating fiber-optic sensor which has high immunity to the effects of variations in the losses of the fiber-link. A variable-splitting-ratio transducer is used to differentially modulate the intensities of the light which it transmits and reflects. Using a four-fiber optical link, light is impinged onto the transducer from either direction, and, in each case, the transmitted and reflected signals are measured. These four signals are then processed...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), FIBER OPTICS, LIGHT EMISSION, MICROWAVE SENSORS, REFLECTANCE,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Stanescu,S, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OHIO, *PARAPSYCHOLOGY,...
Cirrus is one of the most poorly quantified clouds. As a part of International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), intensive observations of cirrus clouds were taken in the autumn of 1986 over Wisconsin. During this First ISCCP Regional Experiment Cirrus Intensive Field Observation (FIRE Cirrus IFO), coordinated measurements from satellite, aircraft, and ground-based platforms were made of cirrus clouds. This paper deals with the verification of cirrus cloud information, both spatial...
Topics: DTIC Archive, D'Entremont, Robert P., PHILLIPS LAB HANSCOM AFB MA, *CIRRUS CLOUDS, SPATIAL...
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Jun 21, 2010
06/10
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Romick, G. J
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Airborne multifilter scanning photometer data on sunlit auroras
Topics: EARTH ATMOSPHERE, TRANSMISSIVITY, ULTRAVIOLET RADIATION, ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE TRANSMISSION,...
The majority of the project was spent investigating laser produced x rays for high resolution lithography. This work involved measurements over an extensive parameter matrix. Specifically, efficiency of conversions to x rays was qualified as a function of (1) laser pulse energy, (2) laser pulse width, (3) plasma profile, (4) laser wavelength, (5) target atomic number, (6) initial focal area, and (7) focal ratio of the lens. Experimental research was performed on a photoionization x ray laser...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Epstein,Harold, BATTELLE COLUMBUS DIV OH, *LASER PUMPING, *PHOTOLITHOGRAPHY, *X RAY...
This report covers a review of the present procedures employed by the Army in calculating thermal transmissivity. As result of the analysis it was determined that the present approach does not accurately predict the transmissivity. The report discusses a comparison between the present methodology and that employed in the revised DNA EM-1 handbook. A procedure is recommended which will correct existing deficiencies. Keywords: Thermal Radiation; Thermal Transmissivity.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Keith, John R, KAMAN SCIENCES CORP ARLINGTON VA SYSTEMS DIRECTORATE, *THERMAL...
Solar irradiance measurements made from a balloon on January 27, 1978 and February 10, 1980 show a change of 0.4% over similar measurements made in 1968. This change is greater than the uncertainty of the measurement and is felt to be the result of a change in the solar constant.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ATMOSPHERIC ATTENUATION, SOLAR CONSTANT, VARIATIONS,...
Acceptance tests are being conducted for several types of infrared filters for the AN/VSS-3A, a 1kw searchlight. Several spectral transmission curves are presented.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Monte,John, METAVAC INC FLUSHING N Y, *ACCEPTANCE TESTS, *INFRARED FILTERS, TEST...
A non-linear, doped spaciality fiber was fabricated consisting of cadmium sulfur selenide (CdSSe). The fiber had a core composed of a Schott Glass material (RG630). The RG630 is a CdSSe/glass composite material in which the semiconductor is in the form of nano-spherical particles with average diameter of 3.7 nm and occupies a volume fraction of 0.32%. Previous theoretical modeling indicated that such a semiconductor doped fiber would have a nonlinear refractive index higher than ordinary silica...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Donkor, Eric, CONNECTICUT UNIV STORRS, *FIBER OPTICS, REFRACTIVE INDEX,...
As light passes through a optical system the reflections and refractions will in general change the polarization state of the light. If we assume that all of the materials in the thin film coatings and substrate are isotropic and homogeneous then calculating the amount of "instrumental" polarization is a relatively straight forward task. In the following sections we will present a of the steps required to perform a 'polarization ray trace' calculation for a single ray and...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), POLARIZED LIGHT, OPTICAL REFLECTION, ELECTRIC FIELDS, THIN...
A formation of wave energy flow was developed for motion in curved ducts. A parametric study over a range of frequencies determined the ability of circular bends to transmit energy for the case of perfectly rigid walls.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), DUCTS, SOUND WAVES, WAVE PROPAGATION, BESSEL FUNCTIONS,...
Procedures used and results obtained during the evaluation test program on a flat plate collector which uses water as the working fluid are discussed. The absorber plate is copper tube soldered to copper fin coated with flat black paint. The glazing consists of two plates of Lo-Iron glass; the insulation is polyurethane foam. The collector weight is 242.5 pounds with overall external dimensions of approximately 48.8 in. x 120.8 in. x 4.1 in. The test program was conducted to obtain thermal...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), PERFORMANCE TESTS, SOLAR COLLECTORS, THERMODYNAMIC...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Fanping,K, FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY DIV WRIGHT-PATTERSON AFB OH, *INFRARED DETECTION,...
In this paper, we present an FPGA implementation for synchronization of SOQPSK-TG in burst-mode transmissions. The system first detects arrival of new bursts, after which it estimates carrier frequency, carrier phase, and symbol timing offsets. Additionally, it is designed based on the synchronization algorithms developed for the iNET preamble. Here, we introduce some complexity reduction techniques in order to save chip area and to minimize latency. The implementation results are shown to be...
Topics: DTIC Archive, KANSAS UNIV LAWRENCE CENTER FOR RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING SCIENCE,...
Changes in refractive index achieved by photodeposition and their transmissivity depend on the nature of the material deposited, its aggregation and its effect on the host matrix. 254-nm photolysis of (CH3)3SnI chemisorbed onto porous Vycor glass and Si-based sol-gel glasses leads to homolytic cleavage of the Sn-I bond. Depending on medium polarity, a fraction of the radical pairs thermalize via electron transfer and (CH3)3Sn(+), which is converted to SnO2 during the subsequent annealling,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Gafney, Harry D., QUEENS COLL FLUSHING NY CHEMISTRY DEPT, *PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS,...
The line strengths and self- and nitrogen-broadened half widths for selected lines of the 4.6 micron fundamental band of carbon monoxide were determined. The band strength determined at stp. is higher than previously reported measurements. The half widths agree well with other measurements and calculations.
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), CARBON MONOXIDE, LINE SPECTRA, TRANSMISSIVITY, NITROGEN,...
The termination of studies carried on for almost three years in the Mobile Bay area and adjacent continental shelf are reported. The initial results concentrating on the shelf and lower bay were presented in the interim report. The continued scope of work was designed to attempt a refinement of the mathematical model, assess the effectiveness of optical measurement of suspended particulate material and disseminate the acquired information. The optical characteristics of particulate solutions...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), BAYS (TOPOGRAPHIC FEATURES), LIGHT TRANSMISSION, TURBIDITY,...
Topographic effects on runoff generation have been documented observationally (e.g., Dunne and Black, 1970) and are the subject of the physically based rainfall-runoff model TOPMODEL (Beven and Kirkby, 1979; Beven, 1986a;b) and its extensions, which incorporate variable soil transmissivity effects (Sivapalan et al, 1987, Wood et al., 1988; 1990). These effects have been shown to exert significant control over the spatial distribution of runoff, soil moisture and evapotranspiration, and by...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), TOPOGRAPHY, HYDROLOGY MODELS, SOIL MOISTURE, LATENT HEAT,...
A numerical study was conducted to predict the combined convective and radiative heat transfer rates on the walls of a small aspect ratio cylinder representative of the scaled model of arocket engine combustion chamber. A high-temperature, high-pressure environment was simulated in the cylinder, with gas velocities at low subsonic levels typical of the conditions leading to the entrance of the nozzle section of a rocket engine. The composition of the gases in the cylinder was determined from...
Topics: Heat, Radiation and absorption, Rocket engines, Combustion, Radiative Heat Transfer, Rocket Engine,...
Analysis of light scattering, using the APART computer program, begins at the image plane and progresses through the optical system to the front end of the telescope tube. The approach identifies all critical surfaces, computes the geometrical configuration factors (GCF) from each area of the system under study to all other areas of the system, and determines incident and reflected angles which are important for baffle surfaces which do not have Lambertian scattering characteristics. The power...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), COMPUTER PROGRAMS, HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE, LIGHT SCATTERING,...
The data presented in this report are for selected wells in North and South Carolina that are located in the Atlantic Coastal Plain aquifer system. The data represent a partial inventory of wells in the study area and are to be used to update a regional flow model for North and South Carolina. This inventory includes a total of 813 wells in North Carolina and 461 wells in South Carolina. The well data include well-identification numbers well locations by latitude and longitude, land-surface...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Harrelson, Larry G, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESTON VA, *AQUIFERS, *GROUND WATER, *NORTH...
A family of fiber-optic sensors for aircraft engine control systems is described. Each of these sensors uses a spectrum-modulation method to obtain an output which is largely independent of the fiber link transmissivity. A position encoder is described which uses a code plate to digitally modulate the sensor output spectrum. Also described are pressure and temperature sensors, each of which uses a Fabry-Perot cavity to modulate the sensor output spectrum as a continuous function of the...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), ENGINE CONTROL, FIBER OPTICS, PRESSURE SENSORS, TEMPERATURE...
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Jun 3, 2011
06/11
by
Rizzi, Stephen A.; Bossaert, Guid
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This article documents recent improvements to the acoustic control system of the Thermal Acoustic Fatigue Apparatus (TAFA), a progressive wave tube test facility at the NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA. A brief summary of past acoustic performance is first given to serve as a basis of comparison with the new performance data using a multiple-input, closed-loop, narrow-band controller. Performance data in the form of test section acoustic power spectral densities and coherence are...
Topics: FABRICATION, TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY, TRANSMISSIVITY,...
A magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor response. The inductor should be separated from the conductive surface so that the response amplitude exceeds noise level by a recommended 10 dB. An embodiment for closed cavity measurements comprises a capacitor internal to said cavity and an inductor...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAGNETIC FIELDS, RADIO FREQUENCIES, INDUCTORS, NOISE...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
A magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor response. The inductor should be separated from the conductive surface so that the response amplitude exceeds noise level by a recommended 10 dB. An embodiment for closed cavity measurements comprises a capacitor internal to said cavity and an inductor...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), RADIO FREQUENCIES, INDUCTORS, MAGNETIC FIELDS, NOISE...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
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355
May 23, 2011
05/11
by
Chang, Sin-Chun
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A new numerical framework for solving conservation laws is being developed. This new framework differs substantially in both concept and methodology from the well-established methods, i.e., finite difference, finite volume, finite element, and spectral methods. It is conceptually simple and designed to overcome several key limitations of the above traditional methods. A two-level scheme for solving the convection-diffusion equation is constructed and used to illuminate the major differences...
Topics: CALIBRATING, CORRECTION, HEAT TRANSFER, METAL SURFACES, QUARTZ LAMPS, RATIOS, TEMPERATURE...
A magnetic field response sensor comprises an inductor placed at a fixed separation distance from a conductive surface to address the low RF transmissivity of conductive surfaces. The minimum distance for separation is determined by the sensor response. The inductor should be separated from the conductive surface so that the response amplitude exceeds noise level by a recommended 10 dB. An embodiment for closed cavity measurements comprises a capacitor internal to said cavity and an inductor...
Topics: NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS), MAGNETIC FIELDS, INDUCTORS, TRANSMISSIVITY, RADIO...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
This volume consists of field data sheets.
Topics: DTIC Archive, KINNETIC LABS INC SANTA CRUZ CA, *MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, *DATA ACQUISITION,...
This report presents and describes geophysical logs for six boreholes in Lariat Gulch, a topographic gulch at the former U.S. Air Force site PJKS in Jefferson County near Denver, Colorado. Geophysical logs include gamma, normal resistivity, fluid-column temperature and resistivity, caliper, televiewer, and heat-pulse flowmeter. These logs were run in two boreholes penetrating only the Fountain Formation of Pennsylvanian and Permian age (logged to depths of about 65 and 570 feet) and in four...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Paillet, Frederick L, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WASHINGTON DC, *BOREHOLES,...
The transmission of an electromagnetic wave through a small aperture in a perfectly conducting screen is examined from the viewpoint of symmetrization. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jaggard,D L, CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH PASADENA, *ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE PROPAGATION,...
Contents: Scope of Services; Field Data Sheet Forms; Summaries of Project and Field Activities; Significant Contract Modifications; Documentation of Vandalism at San Pablo; Station Elevations, Monument Record Sheets; Special Study of Tide (Pressure) Sensors for Response and Calibration; Fortran Salinity Computation; Clocks and Time Marks for Cassette Recorders; Equipment Descriptions and Specifications; and Instrument Calibration Test Sheets.
Topics: DTIC Archive, KINNETIC LABS INC SANTA CRUZ CA, *MEASURING INSTRUMENTS, *DATA ACQUISITION,...
The report presents results of transmission measurements in the visible and thermal infrared range along a slant path of 2.7 km length and 19 deg inclination. To infer correlating, all meteorological parameters, visibility, aerosol spectrum are measured at both ends of the path. For monitoring the aerosol distribution along the path serves a four-frequency lidar (ranging between 380 and 1060 nm). Transmissivity and extinction coefficient in VIS and IR are parameterized considering the following...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Reiter,Reinhold, FRAUNHOFER-GESELLSCHAFT GARMISCH-PARTENKIRCHEN (GERMANY F R),...
A computer program and associated procedures have been developed to compute high resolution spectra for inhomogeneous optical paths including both atmospheric conditions and conditions typical of a missile plume. These programs and procedures are outlined in this report. The procedures have been used with the Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories line atlas to demonstrate that ignoring the correlation of atmospheric absorption lines with source emission lines can lead to errors as high as...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Randall, Charles M, AEROSPACE CORP EL SEGUNDO CA LAB OPERATIONS, *RADIANCE,...
