Autonomous systems provide the military with advanced capabilities permitting the execution of increasingly dangerous and difficult missions. A human in the loop is still required to decide how and when to deploy these technologies. The research problem this dissertation addresses is a user’s rejection of new technology in high-risk applications due to a lack of trust in the use of the technology. This is a problem because users’ lack of trust in new technology, designed to support users in...
Topics: technology trust, autonomous systems, technology risk, anthropomorphic hierarchy, technology system...
As increased border security measures are adopted along the United States’ southern land border, researchers believe that an increase in illicit maritime traffic can be expected. As the primary maritime security agency, the U.S. Coast Guard (USCG) is suffering from a lack of interdiction assets and resources and admits it is already only capable of responding to one-third of all known maritime smuggling events. Based on current data regarding drug interdictions within the maritime domain and...
Topics: U.S. Coast Guard, USCG, U.S. Navy, USN, autonomous systems, unmanned surface vehicles, USV,...
Internet traffic choke points within country-level logical networks exist at the Autonomous System (AS) level, with consequences and implications for country-level network topology and vulnerability to network disruption or surveillance. This thesis introduces the concept of such “Gateway ASs,” which serve to connect the logical interior of a given country’s network to the larger internet and further demonstrates it to be a well-defined and useful concept. By fully characterizing the...
Topics: networking, autonomous systems, internet censorship, internet topology, border gateway protocol
Naval Postgraduate School
2
2.0
Dec 1, 2020
12/20
Dec 1, 2020
by
Tharrett, Dustin L.; Pittaluga, Anthony E.; Decker, Jon K.; Snelgrove, Joseph P.
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Rapidly changing technology and near-peer adversaries in the Great Power Competition are dramatically changing the battlefield of the future with artificial intelligence and autonomous systems emerging as major components in small unit maneuvers. The Hyper-Enabled Operator System (HEO) is designed to allow operators to interface with autonomous systems without increasing users' cognitive load in order to achieve successful manned-unmanned interactions that increase survivability and lethality...
Topics: cognitive loading, human systems integration, robotic autonomous systems, socio-technical system,...
Navigation without external beacon systems has been a long-standing goal within the autonomous systems community. Terrain-aided navigation (TAN) presents an alternative to external localization but requires a prior map. In many cases, the unmanned vehicle (UV) is surveying areas where no map exists and therefore TAN cannot be employed. Active terrain-aided navigation (ATAN) incorporates reinforcement learning (RL) into TAN to reduce the dependence on a prior map. The spatial and temporal...
Topics: machine learning, artificial intelligence, reinforcement learning, autonomous systems, robotics,...
Recent robotics efforts have led to automating simple, repetitive manipulation tasks to speed up execution and lessen an operator's cognitive load, allowing them to focus on higher level objectives. However, the robot will eventually encounter something unexpected, and if this exceeds the tolerance of automated solutions there must be a way to fall back gracefully to teleoperation. To address this challenge, we present our human-guided autonomy solution in the context of the DARPA Robotics...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Gray,Steven, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Laboratories Cherry Hill United...
This project is performed under the Office of Naval Research program on Basic and Applied Research in Sea-Based Aviation (ONR BAA12-SN-0028). This project addresses the Sea Based Aviation (SBA) initiative in Advanced Handling Qualities for Rotorcraft.Landing a rotorcraft on a moving ship deck and under the influence of the unsteady ship airwake is extremely challenging. In high sea states, gusty conditions, and a degraded visual environment, workload during the landing task begins to approach...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Horn,Joseph F, The Pennsylvania State University University Park United States,...
Trust in artificial intelligence is an important field of research influencing developments such as autonomous cars, aircraft, the employment of drone swarms, and military decision aid tools. Understanding trust between humans and artificially intelligent systems will help accelerate decision-making cycles, inform better system design, and avoid automation bias or under-utilization of intelligent systems. Using the Hoff and Bashir model of trust in automation as a theoretical foundation of...
Topics: artificial intelligence, autonomous systems, intelligent systems, network control system, trust...
The use of unmanned systems is a rapidly expanding component of operations aboard naval vessels and has the potential to significantly improve the onboard safety and efficiency. Because of the complexity of many shipboard environments, where humans and unmanned systems will be working simultaneously, realizing this potential will require precise and accurate robot localization. This thesis investigates the performance of a relatively low-cost, commercial-off-the-shelf, ultra-wideband (UWB)...
Topics: autonomy, autonomous systems, localization, ultra wideband, radio frequency, optoelectronic motion...
This research evaluates potential auction algorithm approaches to a multi-robot area search problem and uses the Naval Postgraduate School Advanced Robotic System Engineering Laboratory’s multi-UAV system to implement, test, and evaluate selected exemplars. Ultimately, for multi-robot systems to achieve useful objectives autonomously, they need to reliably analyze objectives and assign supporting tasks to individual vehicles. The market-based approaches analyzed in this research provide an...
Topics: robotics, autonomous systems, auction, ARSENL, swarm, autonomous, multi-robot systems, area search
The 2018 Conference of the NDIA Human Systems Division (HSD) is designed to serve the Department of Defense and strengthen the defense industry. This is the mission of the NDIA and its members: 1,600 corporations and 85,000individuals. The HSD conference supports the mission by bringing DoD S and T leadership, representatives of industry, and other guests into discussion over accomplishments of DoD human systems research and development, gaps in DoD human systems, and emerging research and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Freeman,Jared, NATIONAL DEFENSE INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATION ARLINGTON VA ARLINGTON United...
As more focus is directed at technology for the future dismounted warfighter, new autonomous systems are being developed to enable bidirectional Soldier robot dialogue. These autonomous systems implement multimodal communication methods to ensure communication robustness across operational environments. This research investigation had 2 major focuses: 1) investigate the use of exogenous orienting visual cues during unidirectional communication from a robot to a Soldier through a visual display...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Barber,Daniel J, University of Central Florida, Institute for Simulation and Training...
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55
Feb 8, 2018
02/18
Feb 8, 2018
by
Pasadena Media
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What's Up Pasadena! goes glamorous at the International Make-up Artist Trade Show (IMATS), takes liberty from pants at the Off Kilter Kilts shop, and stops by the CAST research facility at Caltech to see the advances of autonomous systems like walking and flying robots.
Topics: California, Pasadena, Pasadena Media, Public Access TV, Community Media, PEG, Youtube, pasadena,...
The military is on the cusp of a major technological revolution, in which warfare is conducted by unmanned and increasingly autonomous weapon systems. This exploratory study considers the state-of-the-art of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning, and robot technologies, and their potential future military implications for autonomous (and semiautonomous)weapon systems. Although no one can predict how AI will evolve or how it will affect the development of military autonomous systems, we...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ilachinski,Andrew, Center for Naval Analyses Arlington United States, ARTIFICIAL...
The US Army Research Laboratory's (ARLs) Robotics Collaborative Technology Alliance is a program intended to change robots from tools that Soldiers use into teammates with which Soldiers can work. One desired ability of such a teammate is the ability to operate in an energy-efficient manner on a variety of surfaces. To develop such a teammate, alliance researchers developed planning algorithms that incorporate knowledge of the vehicles steering and control system. These algorithms adapt their...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Lennon,Craig, US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground United States,...
During the course of this project, we made significant progresses in multiple directions of the information detection problem. These progresses include: (1) The development of the first algorithm that is asymptotic optimal for the Erdos-Renyi (ER) random graph when the infection time is less than 2/3 tu: The algorithm is called the Short-Fat-Tree (SFT) algorithm and is the first algorithm and the first theoretical result on information source detection on non-tree networks; (2) The development...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ying, Lei, Arizona State University Tempe United States, load monitoring,...
Leveraging robotic, autonomous, or unmanned technologies in life-saving roles presents great opportunities for the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD). Autonomous systems are emerging, and technology is evolving at a staggering rate across a variety of warfighting domains.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ramiccio, John, U.S. Naval War College Newport United States, robotics, autonomous...
This study examines the implications associated with fielding an autonomous unmanned aerial system to provide sustainment functions at the tactical level. The lack of an organic sustainment platform that can keep pace with dismounted infantry soldiers creates a capability gap for the Infantry Brigade Combat Team. An additional gap currently exists between the various strategy documents outlining the roadmap for fielding autonomous technologies and the policies of the Department of Defense....
Topics: DTIC Archive, Csaszar, Lawrence M, US Army Command and General Staff College Fort Leavenworth...
Successful landing of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle requires a high degree of accuracy and efficient, real-time processing. This research applies systems engineering concepts to investigate the feasibility of applying computer vision techniques and visual feedback in the control loop for an autonomous system. This thesis examines the framework and performance of an algorithm designed to detect and track a runway in images captured from a camera onboard an aircraft during the final...
Topics: DTIC Archive, McCarthy,Tyler B, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, AUTONOMOUS...
Unmanned tactical autonomous control and collaboration (UTACC) is a Marine Corps research enterprise to cultivate a system of systems (SoS) that works alongside other human team members. UTACC is being specifically designed to reduce cognitive demand on the warfighter. It will accomplish this by working with the Marines instead of working for them. The two aims of this thesis are to (1) analyze interdependence requirements, utilizing coactive design, of a Fire Team with UTACC UxS in an...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Wilcox,Michael D, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, AUTONOMOUS...
Successful landing of an autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle requires a high degree of accuracy and efficient, real-time processing. This research applies systems engineering concepts to investigate the feasibility of applying computer vision techniques and visual feedback in the control loop for an autonomous system. This thesis examines the framework and performance of an algorithm designed to detect and track a runway in images captured from a camera onboard an aircraft during the final...
Topics: autonomous systems, auto-land, computer vision, image processing, unmanned aerial vehicles
The United States Marine Corps (USMC) would like to have real-time intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) data about a landing zone (LZ) prior to the aircraft entering its terminal phase of flight. This thesis provides a feasibility analysis and prototyping of a fast autonomous recon system. Field tests were conducted in the Mojave Desert using a delivery system (1/2 scale Patriot Missile rocket kit) and two aerodynamic test sets (ATS); the delivery system and test sets were...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Torres,Marcus A, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, drones, drafting,...
Since their introduction, robots and the technology that drives them have continued to evolve rapidly. That technology is now on the verge of becoming fully autonomous and lethal. Many are fearful and outright oppose the development of Lethal Autonomous Systems (LAS) or what some call killer robots. However, when we look back twenty years from now and LAS have replaced man on the battlefield, many of those same people and organizations will look back and wonder why, despite their efforts, they...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Phillips,D L, Naval War College Newport United States, unmanned aerial vehicles,...
.Successive UK governments have recognized the enduring importance of maritime power for Britain as an island nation and have directed the Royal Navy (RN) to retain and develop a powerful, adaptable maritime warfighting force. The future multidomain maritime battlespace will be a competition between access and denial. Maritime Autonomous Systems (MAS) offer a means of ensuring the RNs future remains credible and expeditionary. The RN has a decade-long interest in MAS. Despite establishing a...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Spencer,Ashley C, NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV NORFOLK VA NORFOLK United States, united...
Issues related to defining the Soldiers role in future battlefields populated by autonomous systems are driving important US Army research programs. Mixed-initiative systems entailing shared decision-making between humans and intelligent software are a promising strategy that combines the advantages of human insight and autonomous control. This report discusses empirical results related to shared decision-making in the context of military applications including outcomes from research on...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Barnes,Michael J, US Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground United States,...
This thesis develops and analyzes the functional architecture for an autonomous unmanned aerial system performing an Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) mission without a continuous communication link to human operators for trust needs. The factors that affect human trust are developed from a literature review covering theory and empirical studies that have investigated the importance of human trust in human-automation interactions. The identified factors are applied to the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Johnson,Bradley A, NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA MONTEREY United States,...
In Phase III of the Micro-Autonomous Systems Research (MASR) project, the Georgia Tech ARL team extended an automated product family engineering process and toolset allowing the creation of tailored one-off unmanned aerial System (UAS) solutions to Soldier needs. The toolset provides a simplified user interface for non-technical users to enter vehicle requirements, such as sensor packages, endurance, payload, etc. A logistics interface allows an untrained logistics operator to enter machines...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cooksey, K D, GEORGIA INST OF TECH ATLANTA GEORGIA ATLANTA United States, aircraft...
Dialogic Design International (DDI) presents a final report for the Autonomy Discovery project, a series of workshops and investigations held between August 2014 and March 2016 to support an autonomy research collaboration aimed at long-term R and D outcomes across AFRL directorates (RY, RH, RI) and AFIT. The project was designed to engage scientific staff from across AFRL in a series of problem finding (discovery) and problem-solving workshops, expanding stakeholder engagement to build...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Jones,Peter H,, Dialogic Design International Dayton United States, autonomous...
Air Force Special Operations Forces require unique technological solutions tailored to the unique missions and tactics used to accomplish those missions in order to provide them a third offset. Additive manufacturing, autonomy, and swarm employment are three technologies that can potentially provide that offset. This paper will use an evaluation framework to address the research. Additive manufacturing can produce complex designs, including integrated electronic components, with minimal waste....
Topics: DTIC Archive, Depenbrock,Chandler A, AIR COMMAND AND STAFF COLLEGE, AIR UNIVERSITY MAXWELL AFB...
Army Research and Development Request (ARDR) 16/0054 requires examination of the opportunities for employment and associated effects of autonomy and automation across Combat Service Support (CSS) functions. This report outlines the results of a scoping study, subject matter expert discussions and workshop, and use case development for automated and autonomous systems for CSS. The scoping study covers key concepts and trends, a technology scan, and identification of potential applications for...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Ivanova,Ksenia, Defence Science and Technology Group Edinburgh SA Australia, Military...
As the technological capabilities of the worlds combat systems grow at a breathtaking pace, the reins by which humanity regulates and directs these instruments of destruction must keep pace. Unmanned Tactical Autonomous Collaboration and Control (UTACC) is a system of systems that will reduce the cognitive load of the warfighter while enhancing mission effectiveness. With any emerging concept, testing and development of UTACC are critical underpinnings of successful deployment to operating...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kirkpatrick,Timothy D, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, unmanned...
Autonomous aerial systems have started to gain much traction in the military intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance domain. The remotely piloted systems, such as the Predator, are already successful unmanned systems; the next step forward is to use autonomous systems to overcome high manning requirements. These systems are scalable and serve as excellent force multipliers, but there are other technological issues to overcome to qualify an autonomous aerial system, such as navigation and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Teo,Kenny, NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA MONTEREY United States, autonomous...
This report describes the design of an autonomous amphibious system and associated software architecture being developed under the Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific (SSC Pacific) Naval Innovative Science and Engineering (NISE) Program to augment the manned amphibious force. Amphibious landings and assaults are inherently dangerous and complex military operations, especially on a congested shore in an A2/AD environment. An unmanned amphibious capability is desirable to reduce the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kogut,Greg, Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center Pacific San Diego United States,...
The U.S. Navy seeks to reduce costs associated with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations by exploring the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Currently, the process of finding submarines tends to be tedious and manpower intensive due to the high volume of acoustic data with limited means to filter for valuable information. Therefore, innovative software frameworks are required to transition from a one-to-many to a many-to-one USV/ human interaction model. By examining potential software...
Topics: USV, ASW, autonomous systems, artificial intelligence, software architecture, unmanned systems
The U.S. Navy seeks to reduce costs associated with anti-submarine warfare (ASW) operations by exploring the use of unmanned surface vehicles (USVs). Currently, the process of finding submarines tends to be tedious and manpower intensive due to the high volume of acoustic data with limited means to filter for valuable information. Therefore, innovative software frameworks are required to transition from a one-to-many to a many-to-one USV/ human interaction model. By examining potential software...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Fahey,Stephen Jr F, Naval Postgraduate School Monterey United States, UNMANNED...
This report contains a review of the Knowledge Enhanced Electronic Logic (KEEL) technology, which provides a method of encoding expert knowledge for system control. KEEL allows a user to use drag-and-drop features of a Graphical User Interface (GUI) to reflect complex interrelationships between variables of a system. This allows the user to simulate the operation of the system in real time and fine-tune the relationships between inputs and expected system behavior. Once complete, KEEL can...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Mehmood,Abid, NAVAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER DAHLGREN DIV VA DAHLGREN United States,...
MIT LL and CSAIL have enjoyed several collaborations over the past decade. Collaborative projects have been very diverse, spanning several areas of CSAIL concentration, including robotics, big data analytics, wireless communications, computing architectures and technologies, and cyber security. Nevertheless, the consensus of the committee is that, given the large overlap in interests and the dramatically growing importance to national security of several key CSAIL core areas, collaborations and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Bond,Robert A, MASSACHUSETTS INST OF TECH LEXINGTON LEXINGTON United States,...
This project develops methods and tools for formally synthesizing distributed, software based control protocols for autonomous systems. It tackles the challenge of establishing trust in autonomous systems through a shift from the traditional design verify approach to specify synthesize. Specifically, it focuses on fractionated system architectures, where heterogeneous modules delivering distinct services are composed into a functional system while sharing computing and power resources across...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Murray,Richard, California Institute of Technology Pasadena United States,...
At the request of the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology, and Logistics (USD(AT and L)), the Defense Science Board (DSB) conducted a study on the applicability of autonomy to Department of Defense (DoD) missions. The study concluded that there are both substantial operational benefits and potential perils associated with the use of autonomy. Autonomy delivers significant military value, including opportunities to reduce the number of warfighters in harms way, increase the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, David,Ruth A, Defense Science Board Washington United States, autonomous systems,...
The emerging field of microrobotics facilitates precise manipulation of objects at the microscale, which has many applications in medicine and microassembly. This project advanced both sensing and motion capabilities of the Naval Academys microrobot system, bringing it from a planar system to a three-dimensional system that utilizes an adaptive controller for autonomous operation. Reproducible, robust robot control is particularly challenging at the microscale, where lesser understood surface...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Cooke,James F, NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD ANNAPOLIS United States,...
77
77
May 2, 2016
05/16
May 2, 2016
by
IASET JOURNALS
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The growing concern over the continued usage of fossil fuels for electrical energy generation and hence the need to significantly reduce reliance on this non-renewable energy source as well as the requirement for long-lived power supplies have necessitated the pragmatic shift towards the realization of cleaner, safer, and renewable energy sources. The increasing interest in space exploration, satellite activities, structural health monitoring and terrestrial monitoring in harsh and inaccessible...
Topics: Autonomous Systems, Energy, Fossilfuels, Seebeck Effect, Thermoelectric
The United States wants to fight a war of annihilation because it is well suited to do so. However, the U.S.'s adversaries have a vote in this and have decided that it is in their own best interest to prevent the U.S. from being able to fight such a war. Rather, the adversaries have adopted A2/AD strategies that would force the U.S. to fight an undesirable war of attrition in order to achieve their objective. The current strategy to counter A2/AD is a strategy that forces the tenets of an...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Gorrell,Richard, Air Command and Staff College, Air University Maxwell Air Force Base...
Complex networks have been shown to exhibit universal properties, with one of the most consistent patterns being the scale-free degree distribution, but are there regularities obeyed by the r-hop neighborhood in real networks? We answer this question by identifying another power-law pattern that describes the relationship between the fractions of node pairs C(r) within r hops and the hop count r. This scale-free distribution is pervasive and describes a large variety of networks, ranging from...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Papalexakis,Evangelos, CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA PITTSBURGH United States,...
Adaptive autonomous systems of interest to DoD have great potential to complement human performance in a wide range of missions. This particularly is true for adaptive systems that learn those whose behavior on a given set of inputs may change over time, even after the system has been fielded. However, such adaptation makes exhaustive testing, certification, and licensure of the final system impossible.
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tate,David M, Institute for Defense Analyses Alexandria, unmanned vehicles,...
Adaptive autonomous systems of interest to DoD have great potential to complement human performance in a wide range of missions. This particularly is true for adaptive systems that learnthose whose behavior on a given set of inputs may change over time, even after the system has been fielded. Such adaptation, however, makes exhaustive testing, certification, and licensure of the final system impossible. The challenge is to establish high confidence that the system will perform dependably and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tate,David M, Institute for Defense Analyses Alexandria, AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS, ADAPTIVE...
So began the testimony of General Barrow before the Senate Armed Services Committee in June 1991 regarding his opinion on women in combat during which he gave his ultimate conclusion: women can't do it and there is no military need to put women into combat. (footnote 2) That is about to change. In the wake of women successfully integrating into submarines and graduating from Army Ranger School, an additional--and heretofore underappreciated--factor is poised to alter the women in combat debate:...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Letendre, Linell A, U.S. Air Force Academy Air Force Academy United States, COMBAT...
The further development of Unmanned Tactical Autonomous Control and Collaboration (UTACC) requires a thorough analysis of potential unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) capable of supporting the program. This thesis developed a comprehensive database with which to conduct an analytical evaluation of UAVs to include physical specifications, performance specifications, and sensor capabilities. This research determined that an aircraft satisfying established performance characteristics, capable of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Roth,Brian M, NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA MONTEREY United States,...
Autonomous exploration is a critical capability for robots deployed in real-world situations. Often, these robots are required to navigate environments with little or no prior knowledge in an efficient manner. We investigate an approach to such exploration that selects between candidate frontiers based on the expected information gain. The system uses entropy values of the area map as a measure of the change in overall information and employs established simultaneous localization and mapping...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Fung, Nicholas C, US Army Research Laboratory Adelphi United States, AUTONOMOUS...
The current challenge of autonomy is to achieve a reasonable scaling between task breadth and system resources. As processing resources are a limiting factor for autonomous operations in complex environments, the incorporation of new enabling low power processing technologies into autonomous systems is important to overcoming current limitations and keeping pace with peer adversaries. With the increasing variety of processing technologies, the number of design choices for implementing...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Rosenbluth,David, Lockheed Martin Cherry Hill United States, algorithms, COGNITIVE...
While highly constrained language can be used for robot control, robots that can operate as fully autonomous subordinate agents communicating via rich language remain an open challenge. Toward this end, the central goal of the SUBTLE MURI project was to develop an autonomous system that supports natural, continuous interaction with the operator through language before, during, and after mission execution. The operator communicates instructions to the system through natural language and is given...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Yanco,Holly A, University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia United States, artificial...
