310
310
Mar 27, 2014
03/14
by
Ernest Hanbury Hankin (1865 – 1939)
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Hankin, Ernest Hanbury (1920) The Mental Limitations of the Expert. Butterworth and Co., Calcutta.
Topics: Education, mental ability, science
In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts, Department of Philosophy
Topics: Prediction of scholastic success, Intelligence tests, Academic achievement, Otis Quick-Scoring...
Topics: DTIC Archive, JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA, *INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS,...
The global environment is volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous. In the military, where leaders have to deal with the unforeseen and where men are demanded to die if necessary to fulfill their tasks, strategic military leadership remains the most baffling of the arts. Four key leadership competencies stand out. We need strategic leaders who are good at doing the right things and doing things right leaders who have the mental agility to choose the correct goals to achieve, the social...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kit, Ng W, ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA, *LEADERSHIP, MILITARY TRAINING, MENTAL...
Ascribing mental qualities like beliefs, intentions and wants to a machine is sometimes correct if done conservatively and is sometimes necessary to express what is known about its state. We propose some new definitional tools for this: definitions relative to an approximate theory and second order structural definitions. (Author)
Topics: DTIC Archive, McCarthy,John, STANFORD UNIV CALIF DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, *MACHINES, *MENTAL...
Faith and the human spirit are important elements in the profession of arms and worthy of any strategic leader's attention and study. Spiritual readiness, unlike physical or mental readiness, is often ignored for fear of First Amendment violations. America's founding fathers intended to prevent the government from establishing any single denomination or religion, but never intended the absence of religious activity from individuals who serve in government to include the military. In fact, the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARMY WAR COLL CARLISLE BARRACKS PA, *LEADERSHIP, RELIGION, MENTAL ABILITY, MILITARY...
SELF-REGULATION: Process that enables individuals to guide their goal-directed activities over time and across changing circumstances * Iterative process with a gradual effect on learning over time. SAMPLE PROMPTS - QUESTION 1: Research has shown that asking yourself questions about whether you are concentrating on learning the training material will increase how much you learn during training. The training program will periodically ask you questions about where you are directing your mental...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ADVANCED DISTRIBUTED LEARNING ALEXANDRIA VA, *TRAINING, *LEARNING, MENTAL ABILITY,...
The mental processes by which people construct scenarios, or examples, resemble the running of the simulation model. Mental simulation appears to be used to make predictions, assess probabilities and evaluate casual statements. A particular form of simulation, which concerns the mental undoing of certain events, plays an important role in the analysis of regret and close calls. Two rules of mental undoing are proposed. According to the downhill rule, people undo events by removing surprising or...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Kahneman,Daniel, STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *SIMULATION, REASONING,...
We propose a relational framework for characterizing experienced physicists' representations of physics problem situations and the process of constructing these representations. A representation includes a coherent set of relations among (1) a mental model of the objects in the situation, along with their relevant properties and relations, (2) a mental model of theoretical idealizations of objects, and (3) parameter histories based on mental simulations of both models. Evidence from protocols...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Roschelle, Jeremy, CALIFORNIA UNIV BERKELEY, *REASONING, *PHYSICS, SIMULATION,...
It is argued that the debate over whether mental images are visual or spatial representations is based on the false premise that they must be one or the other. In support of the hypothesis that mental imagery has distinct visual and spatial components of representation. The authors (1) point out a correspondence between the notions of visual appearance and spatial location representations in visual neurophysiology, on the one hand, and the notions of visual and spatial representations as used...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Farah,Martha J, CARNEGIE-MELLON UNIV PITTSBURGH PA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *COGNITION,...
Pictures help people to comprehend and remember texts. The goal of this project is to begin to understand how this occurs. Section I of this report contains a summary of work on several subgoals. Section II contains the report of two experiments testing the assumption that pictures provide an external memory which can assist working memory and thereby facilitate comprehension. We predicted that the availability of a diagram would interact with the difficulty of resolving anaphor references in...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Glenberg, Arthur M, WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON, *READING, *PICTURES, *COMPREHENSION,...
Sociocultural behavior goes beyond mere cultural customs and rituals. It includes the common ways that a group of people interpret cause and effect and the mental models of the world that they share. Understanding why people from a different culture react to events the way they do, detecting subtle but significant changes in attitudes, forecasting how a situation will progress in a foreign environment, and effectively planning how to mitigate these cultural reactions requires comprehending...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MITRE CORP MCLEAN VA, *BEHAVIOR, ATTITUDES(PSYCHOLOGY), CULTURE, ENVIRONMENTS, MENTAL...
Intellectual impairments/learning disabilities are among the most frequent clinical manifestations of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). In this proposal, we explored Drosophila models for TSC related learning defects. Both tsc1 and tsc2 genes are conserved in flies and mutants are available. Our preliminary data indicated that mutations in both genes were able to cause learning defects even in heterozygous mutants. We also showed that this gene could be critically involved in learning processes...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Zhong, Yi, COLD SPRING HARBOR LAB NY, *LEARNING, *MENTAL ABILITY, MUTATIONS,...
The performance of 38 officer candidates on the relative movement test of the Navy Officer Classification Battery was assessed by the interview method to determine whether the mental processes required were primarily spatial, primarily deductive, or an equal combination of both. The subjects had previously taken the test in written form; test scores were a function of speed as well as ability when the tests were administered under normal conditions. Spatial and deductive processes were recorded...
Topics: DTIC Archive, LUCAS, CHARLES M., EDUCATIONAL TESTING SERVICE PRINCETON NJ, *PERFORMANCE TESTS,...
This report examines the concept of Naval Command Styles based on a review of readily available literature and interviews with four naval commanders. The work resulted in the development of a definition of Command Style, a concept map and broad recommendations for decision support systems (DSS). The document review identified four main overlapping concepts (Decision style; Leadership style; Delegation style; and Orders style) and four groups of factors affecting the choice or appropriateness of...
Topics: DTIC Archive, HUMANSYSTEMS INC GUELPH (ONTARIO), *COMMAND GUIDANCE, *DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS,...
Zealous representation of mentally ill servicemembers requires trial defense counsel to be familiar with a complex body of substantive and procedural law. Within this body of law, evidence of the accused's mental illness may be relevant in five specific areas: mental capacity to stand trial, mental responsibility for offenses, the accused's possession of criminal mens rea, the accused's commission of a voluntary act, and mitigation and extenuation of offenses. Although relevance of the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, JUDGE ADVOCATE GENERAL (ARMY) WASHINGTON DC, *MENTAL DISORDERS, *MILITARY PERSONNEL,...
Being physically active can improve a person's health and mental well being. A physically active society could reduce the nation's cost of caring for the preventable diseases associated with the sedentary lifestyles. Some social psychologists have proposed that people who are more intrinsically motivated are more likely to maintain physical activity at a level that is beneficial for their health. Having found this to be so, it is worthy of researchers' efforts to determine the constructs that...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Beaty, James D, NEVADA UNIV LAS VEGAS, *PHYSICAL FITNESS, HEALTH, MOTIVATION, MENTAL...
This project focuses on how humans master new categories by learning from examples with extension to dynamic environments. Decision making tends to take place in dynamic environments in which successive decisions are contingent on one another, and in which the rewards associated with actions can be delayed, yet most tasks that have been studied in the laboratory are broken up into brief, independent trials (e.g., classification of a stimulus) in which responses are determined only by the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN, *COGNITION, *LEARNING, PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), MENTAL ABILITY,...
We report on a 6 and 9/12 year-old male patient with a de novo chromosome 3q29 microdeletion identified by BAC array comparative genomic hybridization assay (aCGH), with accompanying normal 46,XY high-resolution chromosome analysis. The patient has language-based learning disabilities and behavioral features consistent with diagnoses of autism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) of the inattentive type. He also displays some other features previously associated with chromosome...
Topics: DTIC Archive, NATIONAL NAVAL MEDICAL CENTER BETHESDA MD, *INTELLIGENCE(HUMANS), *CHROMOSOMES,...
This work models the militant worldview of a militant Islamic terrorist through a series of fictitious letters written by a hypothetical Jaad (Grandfather) to his grandson, Habib Talib (Grandson Student). These letters represent Jaad's attempt to mentor Habib Talib and to indoctrinate him into the world of international militant jihad (holy war).4 Through these letters, the reader will get to know the workings of Jaad's mind and will develop a mental model of his worldview as a senior leader...
Topics: DTIC Archive, AIR FORCE FELLOWS PROGRAM MAXWELL AFB AL, *TERRORISTS, LEADERSHIP, RELIGION, LOGIC,...
Prior research has established an association between deployment and family violence, with insufficient evidence to identify when such violence occurs in relation to deployment and identification of mental illness in ADSM. This project will use: 1) longitudinal models to capture the temporal relationships between deployment, mental illness and family violence and 2) qualitative techniques to allow military stakeholders to evaluate Stage 1 findings and inform future interventions. This year we...
Topics: DTIC Archive, CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL OF PHILADELPHIA PA, *ARMY PERSONNEL, *MENTAL ABILITY, DATA...
We developed probe-independent algorithms for classifying three levels of task-complexity based on 4-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings during simulated flight. Using a library of 168 input features drawn from different signal processing application domains, we evaluated 10 different classifiers, using 10-fold cross-validation to estimate generalization performance. The best subsets of features for each subject yielded a median classification accuracy of 92.81%, with 100% accuracy...
Topics: DTIC Archive, NAVAL ACADEMY ANNAPOLIS MD, *ALGORITHMS, *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY, *PILOTS, *WORKLOAD,...
The physical and mental strain on combat soldiers is often high. They are exposed to a combination of factors that all contribute to the work load. These factors may include: sustained operations (up to 72 hours of continuous work), changing climatologically circumstances, different terrains (e.g. altitude), sleep deprivation, shift-work, nutritional shortage, and physical and chemical threats. Ambulant (real-time) monitoring of the strain to which soldiers are exposed may help prevent acute...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ROYAL NETHERLANDS ARMY UTRECHT, *COGNITION, *STRESS(PHYSIOLOGY), ARMY PERSONNEL,...
20
20
Sep 8, 2021
09/21
by
Parnes, Sidney Jay
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xiv, 399 pages : 27 cm
Topics: Creative thinking, Pensée créatrice, mentale vaardigheid, mental ability, creativiteit,...
Engineer route clearance missions require hours of planning and preparation. Some of this preparation occurs each time a unit gets a mission and is part of the standing operating procedure or troop leading procedures. Some of the preparation is role-dependent: a .50-caliber gunner must check headspace and timing, a robot operator must check the functionality of the cameras on the robot, a squad leader must ensure that his squad has adequate water and food, and a Buffalo driver must conduct...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARMY ENGINEER SCHOOL FORT LEONARD WOOD MO, *MENTAL ABILITY, ENGINEERS, LEADERSHIP,...
Project teams are routinely used in today's workplace. These teams are typically composed of members representing a variety of different functional units (Cohen & Bailey, 1997). The use of project teams allows organizations to tap the specialized, unique knowledge of these team members concurrently. Teams are able to improve performance when completing complex assignments by utilizing the expertise of each team member to the advantage of the team. While this idea sounds appealing, the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MASSACHUSETTS UNIV AMHERST, *TEAMS(PERSONNEL), *INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS,...
An essential element in text comprehension is the reader's ability to integrate newly encountered propositions with those previously encoded into a coherent model of text meaning. Two bases for propositional integration may be: (a) the network of abstract semantic relations, represented linguistically through conjunctions, verbs and other connectives, and (b) the semantic content of related propositions, represented in, for example, argument repetition, collocation and semantic entailment. The...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Warren,Beth, BBN LABS INC CAMBRIDGE MA, *READING, *COMPREHENSION, SKILLS, STUDENTS,...
[viii], 60 leaves ; 29 cm
Topics: Intelligence tests, Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Otis Quick-Scoring Mental Ability...
The design of information systems to aid the attainment of Situation Awareness would benefit from an understanding of the mental models that commanders reference in assessing situations. This paper presents novel experimental research conducted to elicit the personal constructs that constitute the fabric of British Army commanders' mental models. For a given scenario, it is shown that four out of the twenty-one identified constructs accounted for the majority of individual situation assessments...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Turner, Paddy, QINETIQ LTD WORCESTERSHIRE (UNITED KINGDOM), *INFORMATION SYSTEMS,...
The purpose of the STEPS UP (STepped Enhancement of PTSD Services Using Primary Care) trial is to compare centralized telephonic care management with preference-based stepped PTSD and depression care to optimized usual care. We hypothesize that the STEPS UP intervention will lead to improvements in (1) PTSD and depression symptom severity (primary hypothesis); (2) anxiety and somatic symptom severity, alcohol use, mental health functioning, work functioning; (3) costs and cost-effectiveness. We...
Topics: DTIC Archive, *DEPRESSION, *POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER, ALCOHOLISM, ANXIETY, FAMILY MEMBERS,...
Warfighters have benefited significantly from the enormous advances in digital technology over the past several decades. In contrast, too little of the considerable progress in neuroscience has been applied to improving warfighter performance. We believe this reflects the absence of digital technology that can help bridge the gap between neuroscience and digital systems. We believe this gap might be filled by constructing a computational model of the neuro-cognitive activity of the warfighter....
Topics: DTIC Archive, TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN, *BRAIN, *NEUROSCIENCE, DIGITAL SYSTEMS, LEARNING MACHINES,...
This article explores the question, are the available conceptual foundations, the statistical techniques, and the empirical data of cognitive neuroscience sufficiently robust to serve as a foundation for a neuroreductionist explanatory theories of the mind-brain relationship? The answer proposed here is that there is insufficient reason to think that such a theory is likely to emerge in the near future. In this context, a theory means a comprehensive explanation of how cognitive or mental...
Topics: DTIC Archive, ARIZONA STATE UNIV TEMPE, *COGNITION, *MENTAL ABILITY, BRAIN,...
This research program seeks to identify the characteristics of knowledge and skill which are most resistant to decay due to disuse. The general goal is to elucidate principles which will specify those aspects of a complex skill that resist decay over periods of disuse and how they are distinguishable from more fragile components. The research program can be divided into two complementary parts. The first part is concerned with describing the structure of existing skills. The second part is...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Healy, Alice F., COLORADO UNIV AT BOULDER, *SKILLS, *MEMORY(PSYCHOLOGY),...
The real time determination of pilot mental and physical status is a critical feature of the workload monitoring and Mindware subsystems that have been envisioned for future jet aircraft. Recent laboratory and simulator studies, using retrospective data analyses, have suggested the value of various behavioral and physiological indices for reflecting task performance. The purpose of the present work was to develop software algorithms to derive some of these measures of interest in real time and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Horst, Richard L., ARD CORP COLUMBIA MD, *PERFORMANCE(HUMAN), *PILOTS,...
The Schema-Based Theory of Information Presentation for Distributed Decision Making describes a schema structure appropriate for understanding connections between the way that information is presented and its impact on distributed decision making. The theory suggests a process for determining how information should be presented so that consensus and coordination will be improved and decision conflicts will be reduced. The theory proposes that experienced decision makers select alternatives by...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Noble,David F, ENGINEERING RESEARCH ASSOCIATES INC VIENNA VA, *DECISION THEORY,...
This thesis examined differences based upon entry age for non-prior service entrants into the military during the All Volunteer Force period in an effort to establish certain costs and benefits which might be attributed to entry age. Entry age groups were defined as 17, 18-20, 21-24, and 25 years and older and were further stratified by branch and sex. Data was supplied by the Defense Manpower Data Center, Monterey. Areas of study included entry age trends, accession quality, utilization,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Barclay,S D, NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY CA, *RECRUITS, ENLISTED PERSONNEL,...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Lynamina, G. M., JOINT PUBLICATIONS RESEARCH SERVICE ARLINGTON VA, *SPEECH,...
In this paper we discuss the impact of differing knowledge structure measurement techniques on assessing instructor mental models for behaviors associated with Situation Awareness. Our goals were, first, to investigate the degree to which an expert model for such behaviors actually exists, and second, to determine the degree to which experts, varying along a number of dimensions, assess these behaviors using differing knowledge structure measurement techniques. The results show substantial...
Topics: DTIC Archive, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO, *TRAINING, *SITUATIONAL AWARENESS,...
From 7/93 to 6/94 William Langston and Douglas Kramer continued work on a series of experiments investigating the use of spatial mental models to notice relationships (between objects) that have not been mentioned in a text (the series of experiments headed Experiment 1 in the proposal). From 7/93 to 12/93 the experiments were conducted using sentence reading time as a dependent variable to determine if readers, take longer to process a sentence in which the objects referred to in the sentence...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Glenberg, Arthur M, WISCONSIN UNIV-MADISON DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *MENTAL ABILITY,...
This study is a longitudinal follow-up of Soldiers who completed surveys before, during, and after their deployment to Iraq to examine the effects of deployment in the longer term using both survey and interview methods. A comprehensive set of psychosocial characteristics healthy and unhealthy were assessed. Further data collection is ongoing. The specific purpose of the study is to measure resilience and growth in terms of actual trajectories of functioning over time and to identify protective...
Topics: DTIC Archive, MICHIGAN UNIV ANN ARBOR, *ARMY PERSONNEL, *PSYCHOLOGICAL WARFARE, *RESILIENCE,...
Researchers agree that mental representations of discourse are established at many levels, including a model of the situation described by the discourse. I describe two sets of studies investigating spatial properties of mental models induced by text. In the first set, Holly Taylor and I have found that descriptions written from different perspectives, route and survey, seem to induce the same perspective-free spatial models termed spatial frameworks. In the second set of studies, Nancy...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Tversky, Barbara, STANFORD UNIV CA DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *MENTAL ABILITY,...
Contributors to this volume have addressed a number of issues and questions to provide an overview of the different approaches to team cognition. In this vein, authors have considered the team cognition construct as a process or a product of group interaction. In particular, team cognition can be related to the process of information encoding, storage, and retrieval, such that a group product emerges (Larson & Christensen, 1993). As this suggests, groups or teams can be considered to be...
Topics: DTIC Archive, UNIVERSITY OF CENTRAL FLORIDA ORLANDO, *COGNITION, *GROUP DYNAMICS, INFORMATION...
This project focuses on how humans master new categories by learning from examples with extension to dynamic environments. Decision making tends to take place in dynamic environments in which successive decisions are contingent on one another, and in which the rewards associated with actions can be delayed, yet most tasks that have been studied in the laboratory are broken up into brief, independent trials (e.g., classification of a stimulus) in which responses are determined only by the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN, *COGNITION, *LEARNING, *DECISION MAKING, HUMANS, PERCEPTION,...
59
59
Oct 9, 2015
10/15
by
Saccuzzo, Dennis P.
texts
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A battery of tachistoscopic, auditory, reaction time, and microcomputer generated measures of information processing speed was administered to 96 college students between 18 and 22 years of age. In addition, each subject was given a battery of tests desig
Topic: *MENTAL ABILITY, *INFORMATION PROCESSING, VELOCITY, FUNCTIONS, INTELLIGENCE, COGNITION, REACTION...
A review of current literature on the relation of aptitudes to learning outcomes under different instructional methods or conditions. Included are: aptitude-instructional treatment interaction studies, notes on new methodological problems, and studies of individual differences in laboratory learning arrangements. Aptitudes emphasized include abilities (general, fluid- analytic, crystallized) and personality traits (anxiety, achievement via independence and achievement via conformity). Complex...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Snow, Richard E, STANFORD UNIV CA SCHOOL OF EDUCATION, *APTITUDES, INTERACTIONS,...
A theory of the nature of mental abilities is presented. In this theory, mental abilities are hierarchically organized into four progressively deeper levels--the levels of composite tasks, subtasks, information-processing components, and information-processing metacomponents. Composite tasks can be decomposed into subtasks, subtasks into components. Metacomponents control the use of components in composite tasks and subtasks. Each of the four levels of mental abilities is described and...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Sternberg,Robert J, YALE UNIV NEW HAVEN CT DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGY, *MENTAL ABILITY,...
A battery of tachistoscopic, auditory, reaction time, and microcomputer generated measures of information processing speed was administered to 96 college students between 18 and 22 years of age. In addition, each subject was given a battery of tests desig
Topic: *MENTAL ABILITY, *INFORMATION PROCESSING, VELOCITY, FUNCTIONS, INTELLIGENCE, COGNITION, REACTION...
The central claim is that all analogies, and many metaphors, are fundamentally devices for mapping relational structures from one domain to another. This theory differs from other approaches in postulating that the interpretation rules for analogies and relational metaphors are based on predicate structure, rather than on feature salience or mental distance. Two experiments are described that test the interpretation predictions of the structure mapping theory as well as those derivable from...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Gentner, Dedre, ILLINOIS UNIV AT URBANA DEPT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE, *COGNITION,...
This report describes ongoing work in technology transfer using UCLA-developed technology for monitoring attention and technology from PDT for automated mental state estimation.
Topics: DTIC Archive, PACIFIC DEVELOPMENT AND TECHNOLOGY LLC PALO ALTO CA, *BRAIN, *ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY,...
Several psychophysical studies on human problem solving were performed. These studies involved the following problems: the Traveling Salesman Problem, the 15-puzzle and variants of this puzzle with different sizes, and finally, the TSP with obstacles. All these problems are difficult combinatorial problems and are considered intractable. However, human subjects were found to produce near-optimal solutions very quickly. For all these problems, a pyramid algorithm was used as a model of the...
Topics: DTIC Archive, Pizlo, Zygmunt, PURDUE UNIV LAFAYETTE IN DEPT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCES, *HUMANS,...
