International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 4 Issue 1, December 2019 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 - 6470
> ♦
Study on use of Red Mud with RBI Grade 81 in Black Cotton
Soil to Enhancing the Properties of Sub Grade &
Base Layer of Re Wall and Semi Rigid Pavement
Abhisbek Kumar Thakur^, Prof. Nitesh Kushwaha^
iM. Tech. Scholar, ^Professor
I'^Department of Civil Engineering, Millennium Institute of Technology, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
Soil is very important in civil engineering constructions. The poor
engineering properties of the local soils may present many difficulties for
construction and therefore need to improve their engineering properties.
Stabilization techniques can be used to improve the properties of soil.
Soil stabilization improves various engineering properties e.g. bearing
capacity, compressibility, strength, and various other properties of soil. In
this study the impact of Red Mud to improve the strength of soil.
An effective stabilizer i.e. RBI Grade-81(polymer] used as an chemical
additive and can also be used in sub grade, sub base and base layer.
The industrial waste like Fly Ash, Stone Dust, Red Mud etc. can be used
with RBI Grade-81 as stabilizer to reduce the cost.
The strength has been compared on the basis of GBR for virgin soil and
soil with red mud with RBI grade un-soaked and soaked conditions.
The result implies that when sub-grade is reinforced with Red mud & RBI
grade-81 its GBR increases as for virgin soil and it increases for un-soaked
& Soked condition.
Red Mud & RBI grade-81 has a good potential to reduce the cost of
pavement layers if weak sub- grade is encountered on the alignment.
How to cite this paper: Abhishek Kumar
Thakur | Prof. Nitesh Kushwaha "Study on
use of Red Mud with RBI Grade 81 in
Black Cotton Soil to Enhancing the
Properties of Sub Grade & Base Layer of
Re Wall and Semi Rigid Pavement"
Published in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development
[ijtsrd], ISSN: 2456-
6470, Volume-4 |
lssue-1, December
2019, pp.278-281, URL:
https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29
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IJTSRD29542
INRODUCTION
Soil is basic and important element in Civil Engineering field.
Stability of every structure depends on the type and
characteristics of foundation which in turn depends on the
type of soil. Many problems irrupt if expansive soil. Natural
soil is to be used in foundation, because of its shrinkage and
swelling properties. There are many methods to make
natural soil stable for various constructions. Natural soil is
comfortable for road work, compared to other types of soil.
LITERATURE REVIEW
"Feasibility Study on the Use of RBI Grade-81
Cementation Material in Road Construction, year 2007"
by Central Road Research Institute (CRRl) New Delhi,
In the study four type of soil classified as gravely, sandy, silty
and clayey are combined with different dosage of RBI Grade-
81 varying from 2% to 12% to test for GBR, UCS and
Durability. The test were conducted as per prevailing IS and
ASTM codes. The GBR of gravely soil improved from 30% to
234% at dosage of 6%, in case of silty soil the improvement
at 6% RBI Grade-81 increased to 268% from 8%. The Clay
and sand GBR improved from respective 4% and 22% to
129% and 79% at 12% RBI Grade-81. Gravel and silt soils
sample also passed the durability test at 6 and 4%
the Creative
Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0]
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0]
respectively, this dosage is recommended for construction of
sub base and base.
"Laboratory Studies on Properties of Soil Treated with
RBI Grade-81 Stabilizer" Done at RASTA, Center for Road
Technology, under Prof. C.E.G Justo[2008]. The involved
four different kind of soils namely, black cotton, red loamy,
silty sand and gravely soil. The study involved plasticity
characteristics, GBR and UCS. The black cotton soil showed
an improvement of 47% at 4 % when tested for PL GBR
increased by 1100% at 6% RBI Grade-81 and the UCS value
raised by 353% with 4% RBI Grade-81. Similar and even
better trends are observed with other three types of soils.
Objective
> The experimental work is to find the increase in
strength of the natural soil by using of red mud with RBI
grade by enhancing the property of sub grade & base
layer of re wall with semi-rigid pavement.
Methodology
There are various test performed in laboratory as per IS
code standards like:
@ IJTSRD I Unique Paper ID - 1JTSRD29542 | Volume - 4 | Issue - 1 | November-December 2019 Page 278
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development [IJTSRD] @ www.ijtsrd.com elSSN: 2456-6470
> Grain Size Distribution
> Liquid Limit
> Plastic Limit
> Plasticity Index
> Specific Gravity
> Optimum Moisture Content [OMC]
> Maximum Dry Density (MDDJ
> California Bearing Ratio (CBRJ
Table-01 Tests conducted for Prepared Samples
S. No.
Material
Tests conducted
1
Natural Soil
2
Natural soil + 3 % Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
Grain size Analysis- (mechanical Method],
3
Natural soil + 6 % Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
Specific Gravity
4
Natural soil + 9% Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
Consistency Indices (L.L., P.L., P.L]
5
Natural soil +12% Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
Compaction Test (Light Compaction]
6
Natural soil + 15 % Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
CBR Test (Soaked & Un-soaked]
7
Natural soil + 18 % Red Mud+ 2% RBI Grade-81
RESULT
CBR Test for Natural Soil with varying percentages of Red Mud
California Bearing Ratio [CBR] tests were executed out to determine CBR Value for sub-grade soil and for soil that may be
stabilized with altered percentages of Red Mud, California Bearing Ratio (CBR] Unsoaked and Soaked tests were executed on
Natural Soil (B.C Soil] first by mixing with altered percentage of Red Mud to stabilize Natural soil and then altered percent of
Red Mud at which maximum CBR is gained is chosen for further experimental work.
CBR (Un Soaked)
Orade - SI Orade - 31 Grade -Bl RBI Grade - RBI Grade -
SL SL
Figures.10 Variation in Un Soaked CBR Value of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of Red Mud with 2%
RBI
CBR {UN-Soaked)
"O
cc
m
U
14-
12-
IJO-
e
Lfc i h
11111
11111
■ CBR (UNTSoahedl 2.5 mm
■ CBR[UN-Saakied| S mm
Natural 100 % NS 3% NS -6% NS NS 12 % NS 1S%
Sail RM RMH- RM+ RIVU- RMi- Rl\*-
2% RBI 2% RBI 2% RBI 2% RBI 2% RBI
G rade - G rade - G rade - G rade - G rade -
SL 81 81 81 SI
Figure 5.11 Bar Chart Un Soaked CBR Value of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of Red Mud with 2% RBI
@ IJTSRD I Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD29542 | Volume - 4 | Issue - 1 | November-December 2019 Page 279
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development [IJTSRD] @ www.ijtsrd.com elSSN: 2456-6470
CBR(Soaked)
Natural 100%RM NS 3% NS NS 12 % NS 15%
Soil RIVH- 2% RMf 1 % RIVH- 2% RM+ 2^ RIVH 2%
RBI Grade -RBI Grade -RBI Grade -RBI Grade -RBI Grade -
SI BL SI B1 SL
Figure 5.12 Variation in Soaked CBR Value of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of Red Mud with 2% RBI
CBR (Soaked)
Figure 5.13 Bar Chart Soaked CBR Value of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of Red Mud with 2% RBI
Figure 5.14 Comparison of Un Soaked & Soaked CBR of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of Red Mud
with 2% RBI
@ IJTSRD I Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD29542 | Volume - 4 | Issue - 1 | November-December 2019 Page 280
International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development [IJTSRD] @ www.ijtsrd.com elSSN: 2456-6470
UN Soked & Soked CBR in %
dS
q:
an
u
14
12
10
e
CBR(UN-
SoaVedj 1L47
6
4
2
0
Natural 100 % RM NS 3% N5 6% N5 9% NS 12 % N5 15-%
Sail RN4f2% R:M+2% RM+2% RNH-2% RMH-2%
RBI Grada RBI Grade RBI Grade RBI Grade RBI Grade
-SI -SI -SI -SI -SI
Figure 5.15 Bar Chart Comparison of Un Soaked & Soaked CBR of Natural Soil and Natural soil + varying %age of
Red Mud with 2% RBI
CONCLUSION
The Unsoaked CBR value of the raw soil is 5.42 % and after
mixing of Red Mud with RBI Grade-81 in the soil, there i s
remarkable chang e i n CB R value from 5.42 to 13.19%.
when Red Mud is increased from 0 to 15% with 2% RBI
Grade 81 is effective beyond also there is a decrease in CBR
of soil from 13.19 to 11.47% when Red Mud is increased
from 15% to 18% The soaked CBR value of the raw soil is
2.53 % and after mixing of Red Mud with RBI Grade-81 in
the soil, there is remarkable change in CBR value, increasing
from 2.83 to 8.98% when Red is increased from 0 to 16%
with 2% RBI Grade-81 is effective beyond also there is a
decrease in CBR of soil from 8.98 to 7.42% when Red Mud
is increased from 15% to 18%.
Future Scope of work
The suitability of using waste material like demolition waste,
all types of slag, marble, granite, stone dust, fly ash, etc. to be
stabilized with this RBI Grade-81 technology along with soil
and used in road construction.
REFERENCES
[1] A-Rawas, A. A., Taha, R., Nelson, J. D., Al-Shab, B. T. and
Al-Siyabi, H., 2002. A comparative evaluation of various
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Geotechnical Testing Journal, 25(2], pp.199-209.
[2] Arora K. R, “Soil mechanics and Foundation
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[3] Defeat S., Sahoo T. what's more. Das S. K.. Utility of Red
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[4] pyrophyllite. Indian Journal of Chemical Technology,
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[5] KR, A., Ashalatha, R. and Johnson, A.S., 2010. Effects of
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[6] Land Transport Authority Singapore, LTA PS-13-16,
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[7] Lekha, B. M. and Shankar, A. R., 2014. Laboratory
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[9] Mamta, Mallikarjun. Honna (2014] “A comparative
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[10] Naseem, A. K. A., Damir, R. M. and Hake, S. L., 2014.
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@ IJTSRD I Unique Paper ID - IJTSRD29542 | Volume - 4 | Issue - 1 | November-December 2019 Page 281
